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Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P55

Gale Encyclopedia of American Law Volume 2 P55 fully illuminates today's leading cases, major statutes, legal terms and concepts, notable persons involved with the law, important documents and more. Legal issues are fully discussed in easy-to-understand language, including such high-profile topics as the Americans with Disabilities Act, capital punishment, domestic violence, gay and lesbian rights, physician-assisted suicide and thousands more. | 528 COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES College Enrollment of Recent High School Graduates 1970 to 2006 Persons aged 16 to 24 who graduated from high school in the preceding 12 months. Includes persons receiving GEDs. source National Center for Education Statistics Digest of Education Statistics 2007. ILLUSTRATION BY GGS CREATIVE RESOURCES. REPRODUCED BY PERMISSION OF GALE A PART OF CENGAGE LEARNING. found that a proposed blacks-only law school in Texas would be unequal to the prestigious and then-all-white University of Texas Law School not only in the quality of its tangible facilities but also in the quality of such intangibles as reputation and education. Despite these early victories de jure racial segregation of public colleges and universities did not become illegal until the court decided BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF TOPEKA KANSAS 347 U.S. 483 74 S. Ct. 686 98 L. Ed. 873 1954 . Following Brown schools throughout the United States were required to adopt desegregation policies but de facto i.e. actual segregation remained in many university systems. Litigation in the federal courts continued more than 50 years after Brown. In 1992 the U.S. Supreme Court held that the state of Mississippi had failed to satisfy its duty to desegregate the state university system in United States v. Fordice 505 U.S. 717 112 S. Ct. 2727 120 L. Ed. 2d 575 1992 . In Fordice the state had eliminated its requirement that blacks and whites be educated separately but allowed previously white schools to remain distinct from previously black schools and inaccessible to black students. By the mid-1980s previously all-white schools in Mississippi remained more than 80 percent white and previously all-black schools remained more than 90 percent black. The court found that the state s policy of requiring higher American College Test ACT scores for admission to white schools than to black schools perpetuated the state s formerly de jure dual system because it effectively foreclosed many black .