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Oxford practice grammar part 34

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A When do we change the tense? After a past-tense verb (e.g. said), there is often a tense change. 'It really is cold today.' — Vicky said it was cold. If the statement is still up to date when we report it, then we have a choice. We can either leave the tense the same, or we can change it. You said you like/liked chocolate. Claire told me her father owns/owned a racehorse. Sarah said she's going/she was going to Rome in April. We can say that Sarah is going to Rome because it is still true that she will. | 134 Reported speech the tense change A When do we change the tense After a past-tense verb e.g. said there is often a tense change. It really is cold today. Vicky said it was cold. If the statement is still up to date when we report it then we have a choice. We can either leave the tense the same or we can change it. You said you like liked chocolate. Claire told me her father owns owned a racehorse. Sarah said she s going she was going to Rome in April. We can say that Sarah is going to Rome because it is still true that she will go there. If the statement is no longer up to date then we change the tense. Claire once told me that her father owned a racehorse. He may no longer own one. Sarah said she was going to Rome in April Now it is May. Now Sarah s trip is over so it is no longer true that she is going to Rome. We usually change the tense if we think the statement is untrue or may be untrue. You said you liked chocolate but you aren t eating any. The Prime Minister claimed that the government had made the right decision. B Is - was like - liked etc Look at these examples of the tense change. REPORTED SPEECH Jessica said Andrew was working. Mark told me the windows weren t locked. Trevor said he d fixed the shelves. We noticed it had been raining. Rachel insisted they had plenty of time. The couple said they liked the flat. DIRECT SPEECH Andrew is working. The windows aren t locked. I ve fixed the shelves. Ifs been raining. We ve got plenty of time. We like the flat. If the verb phrase is more than one word e.g. is working then the first word changes e.g. is workings was working have fixed hadfixed don t know didn t know. If the verb is already in the past tense then it can stay the same or change to the past perfect. We came by car. They said they came they had come by car. Sorry. I wasn t listening admitted I wasn t listening hadn t been listening. If the verb is past perfect it stays the same. My money had run out Daniel said his money had run out. C Modal .