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Deep Foundations

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Deep Foundations 32.1 32.2 Introduction Classification and Selection Typical Foundations • Typical Bridge Foundations • Classification • Advantages/ Disadvantages of Different Types of Foundations • Characteristics of Different Types of Foundations • Selection of Foundations 32 32.3 Design Considerations Design Concept • Design Procedures • Design Capacities • Summary of Design Methods • Other Design Issues • Uncertainty of Foundation Design 32.4 Axial Capacity and Settlement — Individual Foundation General • End Bearing • Side Resistance • Settlement of Individual Pile, t–z, Q–z Curves 32.5 Lateral Capacity and Deflection — Individual Foundation General • Broms’ Method • Lateral Capacity and Deflection — p–y Method •. | Deng N. Ma Y. Deep Foundations Bridge Engineering Handbook. Ed. Wai-Fah Chen and Lian Duan Boca Raton CRC Press 2000 32 Deep Foundations Youzhi Ma Geomatrix Consultants Inc. Nan Deng Bechtel Corporation 32.1 Introduction 32.1 Introduction 32.2 Classification and Selection Typical Foundations Typical Bridge Foundations Classification Advantages Disadvantages of Different Types of Foundations Characteristics of Different Types of Foundations Selection of Foundations 32.3 Design Considerations Design Concept Design Procedures Design Capacities Summary of Design Methods Other Design Issues Uncertainty of Foundation Design 32.4 Axial Capacity and Settlement Individual Foundation General End Bearing Side Resistance Settlement of Individual Pile t-z Q-z Curves 32.5 Lateral Capacity and Deflection Individual Foundation General Broms Method Lateral Capacity and Deflection p-y Method 32.6 Grouped Foundations General Axial Capacity of Pile Group Settlement of a Pile Group Lateral Capacity and Deflection of a Pile Group 32.7 Seismic Design Seismic Lateral Capacity Design of Pile Groups Determination of Pile Group Spring Constants Design of Pile Foundations against Soil Liquefaction A bridge foundation is part of the bridge substructure connecting the bridge to the ground. A foundation consists of man-made structural elements that are constructed either on top of or within existing geologic materials. The function of a foundation is to provide support for the bridge and to transfer loads or energy between the bridge structure and the ground. A deep foundation is a type of foundation where the embedment is larger than its maximum plane dimension. The foundation is designed to be supported on deeper geologic materials because either the soil or rock near the ground surface is not competent enough to take the design loads or it is more economical to do so. 2000 by CRC Press LLC The merit of a deep foundation over a shallow foundation is manifold. By involving deeper geologic .