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Design Practice in Japan

Design Practice in Japan 65.1 Design Design Philosophy • Load • Theory • Stability Check • Fabrication and Erection 65 65.2 65.3 65.4 65.5 65.6 65.7 Stone Bridges Timber Bridges Steel Bridges Concrete Bridges Hybrid Bridges Long-Span Bridges (Honshu–Shikoku Bridge Project) Kobe–Naruto Route • Kojima–Sakaide Route • Onomichi–Imabari Route 65.8 Masatsugu Nagai Nagaoka University of Technology New Bridge Technology Relating to Special Bridge Projects New Material in the Tokyo Wan Aqua-Line Bridge • New Bridge System in the New Tohmei Meishin Expressway • Superconducting Magnetic Levitation Vehicle System • Menshin Bridge on Hanshin Expressway • Movable Floating Bridge in Osaka City Tetsuya Yabuki University of Ryukyu Shuichi Suzuki Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Authority. | Nagai M. Yabuki T. Suzuki S. Design Practice in Japan. Bridge Engineering Handbook. Ed. Wai-Fah Chen and Lian Duan Boca Raton CRC Press 2000 65 Design Practice in Japan 65.1 Design Design Philosophy Load Theory Stability Check Fabrication and Erection 65.2 Stone Bridges 65.3 Timber Bridges 65.4 Steel Bridges 65.5 Concrete Bridges 65.6 Hybrid Bridges 65.7 Long-Span Bridges Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Project Kobe-Naruto Route Kojima-Sakaide Route Onomichi-Imabari Route 65.8 New Bridge Technology Relating to Special Bridge Projects Masatsugu Nagai New Material in the Tokyo Wan Aqua-Line Nagaoka University of Technology Bridge New Bridge System in the New Tohmei Tetsuya Yabuki Meishin Expressway Superconducting Magnetic Levitation Vehicle System Menshin Bridge on University of Ryukyu Hanshin Expressway Movable Floating Bridge Shuichi Suzuki in Osaka City Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Authority 65.9 Summary 65.1 Design Tetsuya Yabuki 65.1.1 Design Philosophy In the current Japanese bridge design practice 1 there are two design philosophies ultimate strength design and working stress design. 1. Ultimate strength design considering structural nonlinearities compares the ultimate loadcarrying capacity of a structure with the estimated load demands and maintains a suitable ratio between them. Generally this kind of design philosophy is applied to the long-span bridge structures with spans of more than 200 m i.e. arches cable-stayed girder bridges stiffened suspension bridges etc. 2. Working stress design relies on an elastic linear analysis of the structures at normal working loads. The strength of the structural member is assessed by imposing a factor of safety between the maximum stress at working loads and the critical stress such as the tension yield stress 2000 by CRC Press LLC TABLE 65.1 Loading Combinations and Their Multiplier Coefficients for Allowable Stresses No. Loading Combination Multiplier Coefficient for Allowable Stresses 1 P PP T 1.15 2 P PP W 1.25 3 P PP T W 1.35 4 P