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Micronutrient Deficiency Control Strategies in Vietnam

Introduction Micronutrient deficiencies affect the majority of the population in Asia. Though somewhat lower than in other countries in the region, micronutrient deficiencies remain p r eva len t in Vie tna m. The prevalence of xerophthalmia, or clinical vitamin A deficiency (VAD), is now lower than the cut-off point established by the World Health Organization (WHO) to indicate a significant public health problem. However, the prevalence of sub-clinical VAD as measured by low serum retinol exceeds 10% for children under five and pregnant women. It is well established that sub-clinical VAD may contribute to high mortality, morbidity and. | Micronutrient Deficiency Control Strategies in Vietnam N.X. Ninh N.C. Khan N.D. Vinh and H.H. Khoi Introduction Micronutrient deficiencies affect the majority of the population in Asia. Though somewhat lower than in other countries in the region micronutrient deficiencies remain prevalent in Vietnam. The prevalence of xerophthalmia or clinical vitamin A deficiency VAD is now lower than the cut-off point established by the World Health Organization WHO to indicate a significant public health problem. However the prevalence of sub-clinical VAD as measured by low serum retinol exceeds 10 for children under five and pregnant women. It is well established that sub-clinical VAD may contribute to high mortality morbidity and growth retardation among young children. The success of the VAD control program in Vietnam is attributed mainly to the effectiveness of high dose vitamin A supplementation as the fortification program has not yet been established. Control of iodine deficiency disorders IDD has been achieved with remarkable results. This was facilitated by government approval of universal salt iodization in 1999. Iron deficiency anemia IDA affects over half of all women of childbearing age infants and young children in Vietnam. Iron deficiency worsens during periods of growth and pregnancy or with parasitic infections e.g. malaria hookworm . Other nutritional deficiencies such as folic acid and vitamin C can also contribute to anemia and poor iron absorption. Iron deficiency before the onset of anemia may have adverse effects on function such as work performance. For every 10 deficit in hemoglobin The authors are affiliated with the National Institute of Nutrition Hanot Vietnam concentration there is a 10-20 deficit in work performance. Once anemia occurs there can also be impairment of cognitive performance and behavior lowered immunity and pregnancy complications. Anemia is devastating not only to the individual but also to the economic and intellectual capacity of .