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Voice over IP : Protocols and Standards

This paper first discusses the key issues that inhibit Voice over IP (VOIP) to be popular with the users. Then I discuss the protocols and standards that exist today and are required to make the VOIP products from different vendors to interoperate. The main focus is on H.323 and SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), which are the signaling protocols. We also discuss some hardware standards for internet telephony. | Voice Over IP : Protocols and Standards Voice over IP : Protocols and Standards Rakesh Arora, arora@cis.ohio-state.edu Abstract This paper first discusses the key issues that inhibit Voice over IP (VOIP) to be popular with the users. Then I discuss the protocols and standards that exist today and are required to make the VOIP products from different vendors to interoperate. The main focus is on H.323 and SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), which are the signaling protocols. We also discuss some hardware standards for internet telephony. See Also: Voice over IP - Products, Services and Issues | Voice over IP (Lecture by Dr Jain) | Voice over ATM | H.323 and Associated Protocols | VOIP References | Books on Voice over IP and IP Telephony Other Reports on Recent Advances in Networking Back to Raj Jain's Home Page TABLE OF CONTENTS ● 1. Introduction ❍ 1.1 Main Issues ● 2. H.323 Standard ❍ 2.1 Components of H.323 ❍ 2.2 H.323 Protocol Stack ❍ 2.3 Definitions ❍ 2.4 Control and Signaling in H.323 ❍ 2.5 Call Setup in H.323 ● 3. Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) ❍ 3.1 Components of SIP ❍ 3.2 SIP Messages ❍ 3.3 Overview of SIP Operation ❍ 3.4 Sample SIP operation ● 4. Comparison of H.323 with SIP ● 5. Supporting Protocols ❍ 5.1 Media Gateway Access Protocol ❍ 5.2 RTP and RTCP ❍ 5.3 Real Time Streaming Protocol ❍ 5.4 Resource Reservation Protocol ❍ 5.5 Session Description Protocol ❍ 5.6 Session Announcement Protocol ● 6. Hardware Standards http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/cis788-99/voip_protocols/index.html (1 of 20) [2/7/2000 10:47:54 AM] Voice Over IP : Protocols and Standards ❍ 6.1 SCBus ❍ 6.2 S.100 ● 7. Summary ● Appendix A: Functions of the key protocols and standards ● References ● List of Acronyms INTRODUCTION Voice over IP (VOIP) uses the Internet Protocol (IP) to transmit voice as packets over an IP network. So VOIP can be achieved on any data network that uses IP, like Internet, Intranets and Local Area Networks (LAN). Here the voice signal is digitized, compressed