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oxford japanese grammar verbs - part 4

Không đóng trình duyệt đến khi xuất hiện nút TẢI XUỐNG Tải xuống

Ở đây, tồn tại một mora độc đáo độc lập được phát âm bằng phương pháp gọi là "kéo dài nguyên âm trước đó thêm 1 mora"[21]. | 74 I Verbs I The causative form The causative form indicates permission or compulsion. The name causative comes from the fact that someone or something causes something to be done and verbs in this form are sometimes translated as make someone do something or get someone to do something . It is made by adding the auxiliary Ồ It S to a verb stem. Making the causative form of verbs For verbs the final kana of the dictionary form changes to the 35 line and tí -S is added dictionary form meaning change in final kana causative form Z to meet z - t fr toqo - AZPtt-S liter sr to speak r - É liteểtỂ-6 Making the causative form of verbs For verbs the final ĩ of the dictionary form is replaced by Ồ-tt-5 dictionary form meaning remove last kana causative form to eat to see to watch Zn J-5 to borrow XhUỂ-tt-S Making the causative form of rs and -5 The causative of f Ỉ is É -ft Ĩ . The causative of ĩ is c ề tt Ĩ . Conjugation of the causative form A verb in the causative form becomes a new verb in its own right with tel fc conditional and T forms etc. Verbs I 75 I These causative verbs conjugate regularly as Az verbs. This is illustrated in the following chart with l to go and to eat as examples dictionary form negative -ST form t form past negative -X form íỉé v verbs a ĩ a ST at at Zbt t ax example 1 ST ttt I Zp-afc i ofc Zn a-x verbs -ồ-as -Ê-a a- ST -Ồ at -2-afc -Ồ ax example t Ể a-0 t É -a ji t ồ asT t É at t ễ-a tzpot 4 rT H Á IU Uses of the causative form The use of the causative to show compulsion relates to the relative status of the people involved. Generally it is used by older people about those who are younger and by people in senior positions about their juniors Kodomo o o-tsukai ni ikasemashita I made the kids go on an errand lcỹ I-a ST Takusan misu ga atte sumimasen deshita. Igo buka ni shinchõ ni chekku sasemasu I am sorry about all the errors. I will get my staff to check carefully from now on In the following example the relationship is general rather than .