Đang chuẩn bị liên kết để tải về tài liệu:
Geography and Oceanography - Chapter 26

Tham khảo tài liệu 'geography and oceanography - chapter 26', khoa học tự nhiên, địa lý phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Ocean Uses and Human Impacts Outline Marine Resources Mariculture Drugs Marine pollution Invasive species Climate Change Classes of Marine Resources Physical resources Mineral deposits, petroleum, natural gas, freshwater Biological resources Plants and animals, microbes Marine energy resources Energy from heat or motion of water Non-extractive resources Transportation, recreation, waste disposal Petroleum and Natural Gas Oil and gas are often found together beneath impermeable caprock. Drilling for oil offshore requires specialized equipment and is more costly than drilling on land. Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill 5000 barrels/day 15000 barrels/day Containment (booms), skimming, dispersants, Domes, caps, siphons, new well Full recovery will take many years Salts and Minerals Magnesium Sodium chloride Manganese nodules Phosphorite Metallic sulfides and muds Fresh Water Only 0.071% of Earth’s water is liquid, fresh, and available at the surface for humans More than 1500 desalination plants worldwide 3.5 billion gallons/day, and rising! Marine Energy – Wave Motion Energy generated by waves (Dr Brekken) and tides Biological Resources Major types of commercially harvested fishes, crustaceans, and mollusks Biological Resources World Commercial Catch of Marine Fishes, Crustaceans, and Mollusks, by Species Group, 1997 Species Group Millions of Metric Tons Herring, sardines, anchovies 21.5 Jacks, mullets, sauries 10.9 Mollusks 15.5 Cods, hakes, haddocks 10.2 Redfish, basses, conger eels 7.4 Crustaceans 6.8 Tunas, bonitos, billfishes 4.8 Mackerel, snooks, cutlass fishes 5.2 Flounders, halibuts, soles 1.0 Miscellaneous Marine Fishes 17.5 Total for all sources 100.8 Table from Garrison, 4ed Fisheries Typical evolution of ocean fisheries Fisheries Exploitation Concept of a Stock A population of a species of fish that is reproductively isolated in space and time Each stock must be treated separately in assessing fishing impacts Stock Equilibrium Stock Size . | Ocean Uses and Human Impacts Outline Marine Resources Mariculture Drugs Marine pollution Invasive species Climate Change Classes of Marine Resources Physical resources Mineral deposits, petroleum, natural gas, freshwater Biological resources Plants and animals, microbes Marine energy resources Energy from heat or motion of water Non-extractive resources Transportation, recreation, waste disposal Petroleum and Natural Gas Oil and gas are often found together beneath impermeable caprock. Drilling for oil offshore requires specialized equipment and is more costly than drilling on land. Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill 5000 barrels/day 15000 barrels/day Containment (booms), skimming, dispersants, Domes, caps, siphons, new well Full recovery will take many years Salts and Minerals Magnesium Sodium chloride Manganese nodules Phosphorite Metallic sulfides and muds Fresh Water Only 0.071% of Earth’s water is liquid, fresh, and available at the surface for humans More than 1500 desalination .