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21st Century Manufacturing Episode 1 Part 2

Tham khảo tài liệu '21st century manufacturing episode 1 part 2', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 14 Manufacturing Art Technology Science and Business Chap. 1 Thus in the 1990s the best companies extended concurrent engineering and TQM to a higher level. This meant a seamless connection all the way from factory floor manufacturing to the desires of the consumer. While this may seem obvious and sensible today the old certainly pre-1980 factory mentality was mostly focused on getting products out the door and leaving things to a distant marketing organization to make the link to the customer. Ulis is not so today and this section of Chapter 1 focuses on business issues and manufacturing-in-the-large. These broader views are shown on the right of Figure 1.2. Open-architecture manufacturing and agile manufacturing were thus new paradigms that permeated the 1990s. These emphasized quickly reconfigurable enterprises that could respond to the new customer demands of delivery quality and variety Greenfeld et al. 1989 Goldman et al. 1995 Anderson 1997 . By the mid-1990s Internet-based manufacturing was the natural extension of these paradigms emphasizing the sharing of design and manufacturing services on the Internet Smith and Wright 1996 . The availability of the Internet videoconferencing and relatively convenient air travel seem to pave the way for increased global commerce. Large business organizations can be split up but then orchestrated over several continents perhaps to take advantage of excellent design teams in one country and low-cost efficient manufacturing teams in another. But in fact for a variety of cultural and economic reasons industrial growth has always been dependent on situations where large businesses are distributed. This was just as true in the year 1770 when cotton from Georgia in the United States was shipped to Bradford in England for manufacturing into garments and then exported to an expanding population throughout the increasingly global British Empire. It was still true in the year 1970 just before the creation of the Internet product .