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Advanced Welding Processes Episode 2 Part 9

Tham khảo tài liệu 'advanced welding processes episode 2 part 9', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 11 Welding Automation and Robotics 11.1 Introduction Many traditional welding processes are labour intensive and an analysis of welding costs shows that some 70 to 80 of the total cost may be accounted for by the labour element as shown in figure 11.1. Welding automation is a means of reducing the overall cost of the welding operation by replacing some or all of the manual effort with a mechanized system. The introduction of automation may however have much more significance than its primary effect on labour costs in particular its influence on the following factors must be considered safety and health product quality and supply flexibility. Ml CONSUMABLES IBS LABOUR QU INVESTMENT Figure 11.1 Comparative costs of butt weld in 20 mm thick steel IG V butt IG position 60 V GMAW . 286 Advanced Welding Processes 11.1.1 Safety and health Most welding processes are potentially hazardous they generate particulate fume toxic gases noise and a range of electromagnetic radiation which varies from ultraviolet radiation with arc processes to x-rays in electron beam welding. These hazards are well known and procedures for dealing with them have been established. The measures which must be taken to protect the welder and associated workers are however costly and may complicate the welding operation or involve the use of cumbersome protective clothing. There is also the risk of human error which may expose welders and those around them to unnecessary risk. In addition to these process-related hazards there are risks associated with the application such as welding in confined spaces underwater or in radioactive environments. Automation offers a means of removing the operator from the process- and application-related hazards and in addition it offers the prospect of improving the control of the welding environment. 11.1.2 Product quality Reproducible product quality may often be difficult to achieve with manual welding techniques particularly when advanced materials and complex .