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Ozren Ocic Oil Refineries in the 21st CenturyOil phần 7

Trong một quá trình điển hình nứt xúc tác hóa lỏng, dầu chân không khí nặng từ quá trình chưng cất chân không nung nóng trước trong bộ trao đổi nhiệt bằng phương tiện của sản phẩm phản ứng nhiệt, trước khi vào lò sưởi quá trình. Hơi nước cao áp (HPS) được sản xuất trong lò hơi bằng cách sử dụng các dòng nhiệt khí thải từ tái sinh | 82 4 Instruments for Determining Energy and Processing Efficiency of an Oil Refinery Fig. 12 Technological characteristics of catalytic cracking process used for heating the stripper bottom reflux for stripping and preheating the reactor reflux charge. The steam from the stripper is returned to the fractionator. Decanted oil as a product from the fractionator bottom is cooled in the heat exchangers and led out of the unit. The temperatures in the reactor are 510-520 C in the regenerator 700-710 C and in the fractionator 130-500 C. Technological characteristics of the process are shown in Fig. 12. 4.6.2 Energy Characteristics of the Process In a typical fluidized catalytic cracking process the heavy vacuum gas oil from the vacuum-distillation process is preheated in heat exchangers by means of product reaction heat before entering the process heater. The high-pressure steam HpS is produced in the boiler by utilization of flue-gas heat flux from the regenerator. One portion of the steam generated is used for the main pump drive and compressors through the high-pressure turbines. The medium-pressure steam MpS is generated in the heat exchangers and it can also be generated by reduction of high-pressure steam through the high-pressure turbines. A total amount of generated medium-pressure steam is used for this unit but this makes only 40 of the total requirements. The medium-pressure steam is used for the pump drive through the medium-pressure turbines for blowing in the regenerator for stripping etc. 4.6 Instruments for Determining Energy and Processing Efficiency of Catalytic Cracking Unit 83 Fig. 13 Energy characteristics of catalytic cracking process with gas concentration unit The low-pressure steam LpS is obtained by reduction of medium-pressure steam in the medium-pressure turbines. One portion of this steam is used for heating tubes some other equipment etc. Electric energy is used to drive the pumps fans and other equipment and also some auxiliary facilities.