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Guidelines on - Paediatric Urology

Tham khảo sách 'guidelines on - paediatric urology', khoa học xã hội, thư viện thông tin phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Guidelines on Paediatric Urology S. Tekgul H. Riedmiller E. Gerharz P. Hoebeke R. Kocvara R. Nijman Chr. Radmayr R. Stein European Association of Urology European Society for Paediatric Urology European Association of Urology 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 6 6 1.1 Reference 2. PHIMOSIS 6 2.1 Background 6 2.2 Diagnosis 6 2.3 Treatment 7 2.4 References 7 3. CRYPTORCHIDISM 8 3.1 Background 8 3.2 Diagnosis 8 3.3 Treatment 9 3.3.1 Medical therapy 9 3.3.2 Surgery 9 3.4 Prognosis 9 3.5 Recommendations for crytorchidism 10 3.6 References 10 4. HYDROCELE 11 4.1 Background 11 4.2 Diagnosis 11 4.3 Treatment 11 4.4 References 11 5. ACUTE SCROTUM IN CHILDREN 12 5.1 Background 12 5.2 Diagnosis 12 5.3 Treatment 13 5.3.1 Epididymitis 13 5.3.2 Testicular torsion 13 5.3.3 Surgical treatment 13 5.4 Prognosis 13 5.4.1 Fertility 13 5.4.2 Subfertility 13 5.4.3 Androgen levels 14 5.4.4 Testicular cancer 14 5.4.5 Nitric oxide 14 5.5 Perinatal torsion 14 5.6 References 14 6. Hypospadias 17 6.1 Background 17 6.1.1 Risk factors 17 6.2 Diagnosis 18 6.3 Treatment 18 6.3.1 Age at surgery 18 6.3.2 Penile curvature 18 6.3.3 Preservation of the well-vascularised urethral plate 19 6.3.4 Re-do hypospadias repairs 19 6.3.5 Urethral reconstruction 20 6.3.6 Urine drainage and wound dressing 20 6.3.7 Outcome 20 6.4 References 21 7. Congenital penile curvature 22 7.1 Background 22 7.2 Diagnosis 22 2 LIMITED UPDATE MARCH 2011 7.3 Treatment 22 22 7.4 References 8. VARICOCELE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 8.1 Background 8.2 Diagnosis 8.3 Therapy 8.4 References 23 23 23 24 24 9. MICROPENIS 9.1 Background 9.2 Diagnosis 9.3 Treatment 9.4 References 25 25 25 26 26 10. DAYTIME LOWER URINARY TRACT CONDITIONS 10.1 Background 10.2 Definition 10.2.1 Filling-phase dysfunctions 10.2.2 Voiding-phase emptying dysfunctions 10.3 Diagnosis 10.4 Treatment 10.4.1 Standard therapy 10.4.2 Specific interventions 10.5 References 26 26 26 27 27 27 27 27 28 28 11. MONOSYMPTOMATIC ENURESIS 11.1 Background 11.2 Definition