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The Rise and Fall of Abacus Banking in Japan and China phần 6

thực tế, điều này có nghĩa rằng các ngân hàng cuối cùng phải đối mặt với một sự bối rối "của cải": một dòng cao hơn tiền gửi và một dòng suối thấp hơn các khoản cho vay. Các ngân hàng trong một tình thế tiến thoái lưỡng nan. Khách hàng lớn nhất của họ tổng công ty không chỉ đi bộ từ họ để quyên tiền trên thị trường chứng khoán, họ cũng trả lại các khoản vay đầu. | Exhibit 4.5 Bank Deposits Loans and GDP 1960-1994 Source Statistics Bureau Japan Statistical Association various years . 84 The Rise and Fall of Abacus Banking in Japan and China practice this meant that banks were eventually faced with an embarrassment of the riches a higher stream of deposits and a lower stream of loans. The banks were in a dilemma. Their best customers big corporations were not only walking away from them to raise money on the stock market they were also paying back early borrowings. The big firms would then turn around and loaded with cash from their stock market dealings put large amounts of it into bank accounts. The banks very soon discovered that they were facing an embarrassment of the riches on the deposit side of the ledger but a shortage of borrowers to loan the money to on the other.10 In addition as more and more internal or equity financing replaced bank financing a new institution core banks replaced the institution of main bank. As Shikano puts it Banks are losing their competitive advantage against client firms which have been supported by the restrictive policy of the Government toward the capital market and are required to cope with these challenges. Large firms in Japan are now trying to designate the top three to five banks as their core banks among banks instead of a single main bank.11 The replacement of the institution of the main bank with the institution of the core banks has two important implications for the banking industry. First banks have become less effective in performing their traditional function as main banks as brokers in loan syndicates and the risk diversification associated with it. The decline of the role of the main bank further means that main banks have become less effective in monitoring the corporate performance of their clients. Second as banks turned from corporate lenders to corporate borrowers they could no longer perform their conventional function of imposing fiscal discipline and control over .