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Coal America’s Energy Future phần 1

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Các oxit nitơ là sản phẩm phụ của quá trình đốt cháy hầu như tất cả các nhiên liệu hóa thạch. Sự hình thành của NOX trong quá trình đốt cháy là một chức năng của hai phản ứng / nguồn nhiệt NOX có nguồn gốc từ nitơ được tìm thấy trong không khí được sử dụng để đốt, | COAL AMERICA S ENERGY FUTURE VOLUME II A TECHNICAL OVERVIEW The National Coal Council March 2006 Coal America s Energy Future VOLUME II Table of Contents Electricity Generation.1 Coal-to-Liquids.27 The Natural Gas Situation.39 Economic Benefits of Coal Conversion Investments.55 Appendices.69 Appendix 2.1 Description of The National Coal Council.69 Appendix 2.2 The National Coal Council Member Roster.70 Appendix 2.3 The National Coal Council Coal Policy Committee.80 Appendix 2.4 The National Coal Council Study Work Group.83 Appendix 2.5 Correspondence Between The National Coal Council and the U.S. Department of Energy . 88 Appendix 2.6 Correspondence from Industry Experts.92 Appendix 2.7 Acknowledgements.98 Appendix 2.8 Abbreviations.99 A TECHNICAL OVERVIEW ELECTRICITY GENERATION Commercial Combustion-Based Technologies Combustion technology choices available today for utility scale power generation include circulating fluidized bed CFB steam generators and pulverized coal PC steam generators utilizing air for combustion. Circulating fluidized beds are capable of burning a wide range of low-quality and low-cost fuels. The largest operating CFB today is 340 Megawatts MW although units up to 600 MW are being proposed as commercial offers. Pulverized coal-fired boilers are available in capacities over 1000 MW and typically require better quality fuels. Advanced Pulverized Coal Combustion PC Technology Pulverized Coal Process Description In a pulverized coal-fueled boiler coal is dried and ground in grinding mills to face-powder fineness less than 50 microns . It is transported pneumatically by air and injected through burners fuel-air mixing devices into the combustor. Coal particles burn in suspension and release heat which is transferred to water tubes in the combustor walls and convective heating surfaces. This generates high temperature steam that is fed into a turbine generator set to produce electricity. In pulverized coal firing the residence time of the fuel in