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Coal America’s Energy Future phần 7

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Điều này cung cấp bổ sung sẽ trung bình giá NG và sử dụng thêm 340 triệu tấn than mỗi năm. NG làm sẵn có thể được sử dụng cho khu dân cư, thương mại, công nghiệp và bất kỳ ứng dụng khác có sử dụng NG. Số tiền này tương đương với dự báo đánh giá tác động môi trường của hàng hóa nhập khẩu LNG trong năm 2025. | Also included in Figure 4.4 is the coal to produce ethanol scenario. This scenario involves 40 million tons of coal consumed in 383 plants that in total will produce about 10 of U.S. gasoline consumption in 2030. The hydrogen scenario would supply between 40 and 50 million fuel cell vehicles which falls between 10 to 20 of transportation needs. Disaggregate Calculations of Energy Production from Coal Btu Energy Conversion PLANT PARAMETERS OUTPUT CAPACITY Total Coal Use Mtpy Coal Use Mtpy Output Capital Cost in Billions Quantity Units Number of Plants Total Capital Cost in Billions Energy Output Quads Coal-to-gas 340 2.98 35 BCF yr 1.0 4 Tcf 114 115 4.11 Coal-to-liquids 475 14.39 80 000 bbl day 6.4 2.6 MMbd 33 211 5.08 Coal-to-electricity 375 5.63 3.7 million MWh yr 2.3 100 GW 67 150 2.53 Coal-to-hydrogen 70 1.10 153 million scf H2 day 0.4 3553.8 BSCF 64 27 1.21 TOTALS 1260 278 503 12.93 Coal to produce ethanol 40 0.11 50 million gallons yr 0.03 1.25 MMbd 383 12 Figure 4.4 Note Economic Impact calculations are based on production of an additional 1 260 million short tons of coal per year ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF COAL CONVERSION INVESTMENTS Capital Outlays and Direct Employment Impacts Significant capital expenditures will be required to build these plants. Construction and operation also will generate employment gains. The time path for these direct impacts is calibrated to the time path of plant construction discussed in the previous section. Annual capital expenditures are estimated by multiplying the stock of plants under construction by an average annual capital outlay which is computed as a weighted average of capital costs for the four technologies. Coal-to-gas and coal-to-hydrogen plants are assumed to cost 1 billion again assuming 6 million tons per year of coal consumption. The coal-to-liquids plant cost is assumed to be 3.6 billion for this plant size. Coal-to-electricity plants are assumed to cost 2.25 billion. Given a four-year plant life the average annual