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Báo cáo y học: "Disturbances of apoptotic cell clearance in systemic lupus erythematosus"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học General Psychiatry cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Disturbances of apoptotic cell clearance in systemic lupus erythematosus. | Shao and Cohen Arthritis Research Therapy 2011 13 202 http arthritis-research.eom content 13 1 202 REVIEW L_ Disturbances of apoptotic cell clearance in systemic lupus erythematosus Wen-Hai Shao and Philip L Cohen Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with an as yet unknown etiopathogenesis. It is widely thought that selfimmunization in systemic lupus is driven by defective clearance of dead and dying cells. In lupus patients large numbers of apoptotic cells accumulate in various tissues including germinal centers. In the present review we discuss the danger signals released by apoptotic cells their triggering of inflammatory responses and the breakdown of B-cell tolerance. We also review the pathogenic role of apoptotic cell clearance in systemic lupus erythematosus. Introduction Cell death is a necessary and natural process that occurs under both physiological and pathological conditions in all tissues. This process is also a critical mechanism in immune tolerance and in contraction of normal immune responses to exogenous antigens. Apoptosis is the predominant pathway for cell death but cells can also undergo death through necrosis and necroptosis a programmed cell death independent of caspase activation 1 . Apop-totic cells must be quickly removed from tissues so that they elicit neither inflammation nor immune responses. Inefficient clearance of apoptotic cells and subsequent accumulation of apoptotic cell debris provoke a chronic inflammatory response and may lead to breakdown of self-tolerance 2 . Autoimmunity in systemic lupus erythematosus SLE is believed to be driven by autoantigens. Certain key autoantigens are demonstrable on blebs of apoptotic cells. Considerable evidence supports the notion that SLE autoimmunity could be related to impaired or delayed clearance of apoptotic cells. Persistent apoptotic cells Correspondence philco@temple.edu Section of Rheumatology Department of Medicine Temple University 3322