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Báo cáo y học: " The neuropharmacology of upper airway motor control in the awake and asleep states: implications for obstructive sleep apnoea"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học 'Respiratory Research cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: The neuropharmacology of upper airway motor control in the awake and asleep states: implications for obstructive sleep apnoea. | Available online http respiratory-research.eom content 2 5 286 Review The neuropharmacology of upper airway motor control in the awake and asleep states implications for obstructive sleep apnoea Richard L Horner Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Correspondence Richard L Horner PhD Room 6368 Medical Sciences Building University of Toronto 1 Kings College Circle Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 1A8. Tel 1 416 946 3781 fax 1 416 971 2112 e-mail richard.horner@utoronto.ca Received 7 June 2001 Revisions requested 3 July 2001 Revisions received 4 July 2001 Accepted 16 July 2001 Published 10 August 2001 Respir Res 2001 2 286-294 2001 BioMed Central Ltd Print ISSN 1465-9921 Online ISSN 1465-993X Abstract Obstructive sleep apnoea is a common and serious breathing problem that is caused by effects of sleep on pharyngeal muscle tone in individuals with narrow upper airways. There has been increasing focus on delineating the brain mechanisms that modulate pharyngeal muscle activity in the awake and asleep states in order to understand the pathogenesis of obstructive apnoeas and to develop novel neurochemical treatments. Although initial clinical studies have met with only limited success it is proposed that more rational and realistic approaches may be devised for neurochemical modulation of pharyngeal muscle tone as the relevant neurotransmitters and receptors that are involved in sleepdependent modulation are identified following basic experiments. Keywords genioglossus neurotransmitters obstructive apnoea serotonin sleep Introduction Obstructive sleep apnoea OSA is a serious breathing problem that affects approximately 4 of adults 1 . OSA is associated with increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events such as angina myocardial infarction stroke and daytime hypertension. It also has adverse effects on sleep regulation producing excessive daytime sleepiness impaired work performance and increased risk for vehicular