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Understanding Drugs and Behaviour phần 3

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một trung gian hòa giải của viêm; thyroliberin kích thích việc phát hành của tuyến giáp hormone kích thích từ tuyến yên trước và vasopressin là một hormone được giải phóng từ tuyến yên sau. Ngoài ra, aspartate axit amin, glutamate và glycine được tìm thấy trong protein và máy phát VTĐ neuropeptide | 54 Part II Non-medical Use of Psychoactive Drugs Key references and reading Brice C and Smith A 2001 . The effects of caffeine on simulated driving subjective alertness and sustained attention. Human Psychopharmacology 16 523-531. Gupta BS and Gupta U 1999 . Caffeine and Behaviour Current Views and Research Trends. CRC Press London. James JE 1994 . Does caffeine enhance or merely restore degraded psychomotor performance Neuropsychobiology 30 124-125. King GR and Ellinwood EH 1992 Amphetamines and other stimulants. In JH Lowinson and P Ruiz eds Substance Abuse A Comprehensive Textbook pp. 247-266 . Williams Wilkins Baltimore. Snyder SH 1996 . Stimulants. Drugs and the Brain pp. 121-149 . Freeman Co. New York. Chapter 5 Nicotine and cigarette smoking Overview Cigarette smoking causes around 130 000 deaths each year in the UK yet worldwide the proportion of adults who smoke tobacco continues to increase. Deaths are caused by tar and carbon monoxide in the inhaled smoke. Tar-induced deaths include lung cancer throat cancer jaw cancer pneumonia and emphysema. Carbon monoxide reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood causing circulatory problems in the heart and other organs. Therefore numerous deaths occur through heart attack and numerous limb amputations are required because of peripheral tissue death and gangrene. Other smoke-induced problems include premature skin wrinkling erectile dysfunction and sexual impotence. Despite this numerous children commence smoking between the ages of 11 and 15 with female adolescents the main target group for tobacco advertisers. Tobacco smoke generates a hit of nicotine in the brain 7-10 seconds after inhalation. Nicotine affects the nicotinic acetylcholine neurons in complex ways with regular smoking displaying a number of cholinergic adaptations. For many years it was believed that nicotine relieved stress and boosted alertness. However it is now recognised that nicotine dependence causes stress. Thus the feelings of .