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Handbook of Industrial Automationedited - Chapter 3

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Distributed Control Systems Sự tiến hóa của hệ thống tự động thực vật, từ hình thức rất thô sơ đến phức tạp kiến trúc đương đại, đã theo sát sự tiến bộ trong thiết bị và công nghệ máy tính đó, lần lượt, đã đưa ra những động lực để các nhà cung cấp để cập nhật các khái niệm hệ thống để đáp ứng phát triển các yêu cầu của người sử dụng. Điều này đã trực tiếp khuyến khích người dùng mở rộng các mục tiêu tự động hóa trong ELD ® và nhúng chúng vào các. | Chapter 3.1 Distributed Control Systems Dobrivoje Popovic University of Bremen Bremen Germany 1.1 INTRODUCTION The evolution of plant automation systems from very primitive forms up to the contemporary complex architectures has closely followed the progress in instrumentation and computer technology that in turn has given the impetus to the vendor to update the system concepts in order to meet the user s growing requirements. This has directly encouraged users to enlarge the automation objectives in the field and to embed them into the broad objectives of the process production and enterprise level. The integrated automation concept 1 has been created to encompass all the automation functions of the company. This was viewed as an opportunity to optimally solve some interrelated problems such as the efficient utilization of resources production profitability product quality human safety and environmental demands. Contemporary industrial plants are inherently complex large-scale systems requiring complex mutually conflicting automation objectives to be simultaneously met. Effective control of such systems can only be made feasible using adequately organized complex large-scale automation systems like the distributed computer control systems 2 Fig. 1 . This has for a long time been recognized in steel production plants where 10 million tons per annum are produced based on the operation of numerous work zones and the associated subsystems like Iron zone with coke oven palletizing and sintering plant and blast furnace Steel zone with basic oxygen and electric arc furnace direct reduction and continuous casting plant etc. Mill zone with hot and cold strip mills plate bore and wire and wire rod mill. To this the laboratory services and the plant care control level should be added where all the required calculations and administrative data processing are carried out statistical reviews prepared and market prognostics data generated. Typical laboratory services are the Test