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Ebook: Handbook of psychology phần 3

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Allalouf et al. (1999) và Budgell et al. (1995) là những ví dụ khác tốt đẹp của phương pháp này trong văn học. Thăm dò, kiểm tra yếu tố Replicatory Phân tích Nhiều tâm lý, đặc biệt là các biện pháp nhân cách, | 110 Testing and Assessment in Cross-Cultural Psychology techniques. Allalouf et al. 1999 and Budgell et al. 1995 are other fine examples of this methodology in the literature. Exploratory Replicatory Factor Analysis Many psychological tests especially personality measures have been subjected to factor analysis a technique that has often been used in psychology in an exploratory fashion to identify dimensions or consistencies among the items composing a measure Anastasi Urbina 1997 . To establish that the internal relationships of items or test components hold across different language versions of a test a factor analysis of the translated version is performed. A factor analysis normally begins with the correlation matrix of all the items composing the measure. The factor analysis looks for patterns of consistency or factors among the items. There are many forms of factor analysis e.g. Gorsuch 1983 and techniques differ in many conceptual ways. Among the important decisions made in any factor analysis are determining the number of factors deciding whether these factors are permitted to be correlated oblique or forced to be uncorrelated orthogonal and interpreting the resultant factors. A component of the factor analysis is called rotation whereby the dimensions are changed mathematically to increase interpretability. The exploratory factor analysis that bears upon the construct equivalence of two measures has been called replicatory factor analysis RFA Ben-Porath 1990 and is a form of cross-validation. In this instance the number of factors and whether the factors are orthogonal or oblique are constrained to yield the same number of factors as in the original test. In addition a rotation of the factors is made to attempt to maximally replicate the original solution this technique is called target rotation. Once these procedures have been performed the analysts can estimate how similar the factors are across solutions. van de Vijver and Leung 1997 provide indices .