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Shelagh heffernan modern banking phần 8

NGÂN HÀNG HIỆN ĐẠI có thể làm giảm chi phí của họ bằng cách mở rộng kích thước của chi nhánh hiện có của họ. Trường hợp ngoại lệ là Tây Ban Nha, nơi có chi phí sẽ giảm bằng cách tăng số lượng chi nhánh. | ---- 490 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Modern Banking could reduce their costs by expanding the size of their existing branches. The exception is Spain where costs would fall by increasing the number of branches. Based on the results for economies of scope all banks in France smaller banks in Spain and larger banks in Germany could reduce costs by increasing their output mix. Branches in Italy and Germany together with those of large banks in France should do the same. Branches of smaller French and Spanish banks should do the opposite i.e. specialise more. Altunbas etal. 2001b estimate scale economies using the same data set income and balance sheet data from the Bankscope database for banks from 15 EU countries between 1989 and 1997 as was used for their X-inefficiency scores. They find average scale economies range from between 5 and 7 suggesting that if outputs were increased by 100 total costs would rise by 93 to 95 on average.19 If the banks are broken down by asset size it reveals that the significant economies of scale are being enjoyed by the smallest banks in all countries with assets ranging between 1 and 99 million ECUs.20 German and Greek banks also enjoyed economies of scale for most asset size categories. Banks in Germany the UK Denmark and the Netherlands with assets in excess of 5 billion ECUs the largest asset category have significant economies of scale of just under 5 but the largest banks in Austria Belgium Finland Greece Ireland and Luxembourg all had diseconomies of scale so doubling output would lower average cost for the first group by about one-twentieth but raise it for the second group. However when equity capital is removed as a factor input 21 scale economies are found for the largest banks. Thus the results here are mixed but it is notable that the scale economies are found for the UK Germany and the Netherlands - countries with large banks active in global markets. If it .