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Hospitality management accounting phần 2

Hai phân loại cơ bản của chi phí, trực tiếp và gián tiếp, phát sinh trong một hoạt động khách sạn. Báo cáo thu nhập phòng ban báo cáo chi phí hoạt động được phân loại là chi phí trực tiếp, trực tiếp theo dõi các bộ phận. | UNDERSTANDING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS INTRODUCTION This chapter discusses the two major financial statements the balance sheet and the income statement. In hospitality operations balance sheets are normally prepared for an overall operation and income statements are prepared by each of the subordinate operating departments or divisions . Two basic classifications of costs direct and indirect are incurred in a hospitality operation. Departmental income statements report operating costs that are classified as direct costs that are directly traceable to the department. Indirect costs are costs that are not easily traceable to a specific department and are usually undistributed costs. Undistributed costs are normally incurred to support the overall facility and will normally appear on a summary income statement. All costs shown in a generic income statement will be shown as cost of sales and named expenses. Cost of sales was discussed in an example in Chapter 1. Calculating the cost of sales will be expanded in this chapter. Four methods of calculating the value of inventory will be discussed and how to adjust the cost of food and beverages used to arrive at net cost of sales will be explained. These adjustments may include interdepartmental transfers as well as adjustments for employee and promotion meals. Responsibility accounting will be introduced and discussed for profit and cost centers. Allocation methods used to distribute indirect costs to departments will be discussed as will the effect that a change to sales mix among departments would have on overall profit. A sample balance sheet will be illustrated. An account called retained earnings is demonstrated as the link between the income statement and balance sheet in a corporate 52 CHAPTER 2 UNDERSTANDING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS business entity. This section will also sole proprietorships partnership and discuss the difference between the incorporated business entities. equity section of a balance sheet for CHAPTER .