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Dictionary of Computer and Internet Terms phần 3

Fragment bộ nhớ đệm rất dễ sử dụng, nhưng nó tương đối để tăng hiệu suất trong trường hợp trung bình. Trong ba, hành động bộ nhớ đệm thường cung cấp cho các lớn nhấthoặc bộ vi xử lý Pentium. EISA được phát triển bởi một nhóm các đối thủ cạnh tranh như là một thay thế cho Micro Channel của IBM, | 107 computer ethics address portion of the bus activates the read memory line and waits a specified length of time. The memory places the contents of that location onto the data portion of the bus so that the CPU can read it. To put data into memory the CPU puts both the address and the data onto the bus and activates the write memory line. Some computers also include read port and write port lines which are like the lines used for accessing memory except that addresses are understood as applying to input and output devices printer ports etc. rather than memory. Most computers use a VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE which means that programs and data are stored in the same kind of memory. Some microcontrollers use a HARVARD ARCHITECTURE with separate memories for program and data mainly because programs are kept permanently recorded in ROM but data must be changeable . Programmers normally do not write CPU instructions. Instead they write programs in a high-level language such as BASIC C or Pascal and use a COMPILER to translate the programs into machine language. It is also possible to write programs in ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE which translates into machine language more directly. computer ethics the responsible use of computers and computer networks. Malicious misuse of computers is rare but serious misjudgments by well-meaning people are unfortunately common. Some important points to remember are the following 1. People have the same legal and ethical responsibilities when using a computer as at any other time. Slander deception harassment and the like are just as wrong when done via computer as when done any other way and they incur the same legal penalties. Using a computer without the owner s permission is prosecutable as theft of services just like using any other machine without the owner s permission . Damaging property or data by releasing a computer virus is also prosecutable as a crime. 2. Computers will not necessarily prevent all improper acts users are responsible .