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Vital Signs and Resuscitation - part 2

Aristotle (384-322 BC) tin rằng không khí được đưa vào phổi, hấp thụ bằng cách truyền máu thông qua phổi, và được cung cấp bởi các tĩnh mạch phổi một trái tim bốc lửa, không khí nguội đi. | 10 Vital Signs and Resuscitation Fig. 1.6. Early Stethoscopes circa 1889. Reprinted with permission from National Museum of American History Smitsonian Institution 80-13427. having a high temperature with shivering then respiration infrequent deep for a while and then the breaths would be rapid. She died on the twenty-first day comatose with deep intermittent respiration throughout . He was noting a type of periodic breathing seen in the terminally ill and described by John Cheyne 1777-1836 a Scottish physician and William Stokes 18041836 an Irish doctor. History of the Vital Signs 11 Aristotle 384-322 BC believed that air is taken into the lungs absorbed by blood passing through the lungs and delivered by the pulmonary vein to a fiery heart that the air cools. Herophilus 335-280 BC claimed that lungs absorb fresh air and breathe out devitalized air . Erasistratus 310-250 BC indicated that air is absorbed by the lungs transported by a vein-like artery to the left ventricle to form a vital spirit and conveyed by air-filled arteries to various parts of the body. Galen postulated that blood absorbs air into the lungs and is propelled by chest movements through the lungs into a veinlike artery that delivers the mixture to the left ventricle. There it cools the burning heart the source of innate heat . Robert Hooke proved in 1667 that air is necessary for life showing that breathing provides air to the lungs which converts venous blood into arterial. Increased interest in the respiratory system took place in the 18 th century because of the isolation of oxygen by Karl Scheele 1742-86 and Joseph Priestley 1733-1804 . A Scottish chemist Joseph Black 1728-1799 discovered carbon dioxide. Lavoisier 1743-94 gave the name oxygen to the substance in air responsible for combustion and noted that respiration was necessary in living tissue. The French physiologist Claude Bernard 18131878 experimented with oxygen and carbon dioxide in the biological system. Accurate localization of