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Genomic, chromosomal and allelic assessment of the amazing diversity of maize

Meeting report Genomic, chromosomal and allelic assessment of the amazing diversity of maize Virginia Walbot Address: Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. E-mail: walbot@stanford.edu comment Published: 28 May 2004 reviews Genome Biology 2004, 5:328 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http://genomebiology.com/2004/5/6/328 © 2004 BioMed Central Ltd A report on the 46th Annual Maize Genetics Conference, Mexico City, Mexico, 11-14 March 2004. Teosinte thrived in the highlands and valleys of central Mexico 8,000 years ago. Human selection for increased seed number, cob size, poor seed dispersal, and nutritional value domesticated this wild plant into. | Meeting report Genomic chromosomal and allelic assessment of the amazing diversity of maize Virginia Walbot Address Department of Biological Sciences Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA. E-mail walbot@stanford.edu Published 28 May 2004 Genome Biology 2004 5 328 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http genomebiology.com 2004 5 6 328 2004 BioMed Central Ltd A report on the 46th Annual Maize Genetics Conference Mexico City Mexico 11-14 March 2004. Teosinte thrived in the highlands and valleys of central Mexico 8 000 years ago. Human selection for increased seed number cob size poor seed dispersal and nutritional value domesticated this wild plant into what we recognize today as maize. The 2004 Maize Genetics Conference was the first to be held near the site of the origin of maize and the present-day center of species diversity and questions about the origin types and consequences of maize diversity were central to the 42 talks and nearly 200 poster presentations. A starlight tour of the Museo Nacional de Antropología http www.mna.inah.gob.mx allowed delegates to examine the depiction of corn by successive pre-colonial Mexican civilizations for further inspiration. Modern maize captured the genetic diversity of teosinte Ed Buckler USDA-ARS at Cornell University Ithaca USA has analyzed maize diversity by sequencing 18 genes in toto or in part from more than 100 inbred lines. As a benchmark consider that humans have about 0.09 base substitution in pair-wise comparisons and that as a species we are 1.34 different from chimpanzees. Evaluating pairs of modern inbred lines of maize previous work has shown that there is 1.42 silent diversity in coding regions In a typical gene there are between 20 and 25 amino-acid polymorphisms among alleles 30 are radical changes and a further 22 are indel mutations of missing or added amino acids. This tremendous diversity in maize reflects the maintenance of genetic differences from