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Vascular neurology questions and answers - part 5

Câu trả lời là B. fistulae hang động mạch cảnh (CCFs) là mua lại các bệnh lý chuyển hướng trực tiếp từ phần hang động mạch cảnh bên trong (ICA) vào các xoang hang bao trùm. Phần lớn (80%) kết quả từ chấn thương, chủ yếu là động cơ tai nạn xe. Các nguyên nhân phẫu thuật bao gồm endarterectomy, nong mạch vành, và phẫu thuật transsphenoidal. | CLINICAL STROKE ANSWERS 121 causes telangiectasias of the skin and mucous membranes. Conjunctival telan-giectasias are common. Wyburn-Mason syndrome is associated with large tortuous arteries and veins forming arteriovenous communications racemose in the retina and through to the optic nerve. Kupersmith Chapter 4 Heyer et al. Pediatr Neurol 2006 165. The answer is B. Carotid cavernous fistulae CCFs are acquired pathologic direct shunts from the cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery ICA into the enveloping cavernous sinus. The majority 80 results from trauma mostly motor vehicle accidents. Surgical causes include endarterectomy angioplasty and transsphenoidal surgery. Causes of spontaneous CCFs arising from weakness in the wall of the cavernous ICA include Ehlers-Danlos syndrome pseudoxanthoma elasticum aneurysm fibromuscular dysplasia and a persistent embryologic trigeminal artery. Kupersmith Chapter 2 166. The answer is A. In the Japanese population about 10 of cases of moy-amoya are familial with a multifactorial inheritance. Children generally present with TIAs often bilaterally evolving into cerebral infarcts and seizures. Cerebral hemorrhage occurs more frequently in adults. Stenosis or occlusion occurs in the terminal portions of the ICA or in the proximal middle or anterior cerebral arteries. Fukui et al. Neuropathy 2000 167. The answer is E. Homocystinuria and homocysteine plasma concentrations of 100 imol L are associated with autosomal recessive enzyme deficiencies that cause stroke mental retardation lens abnormalities and skeletal deformities in children. The most common cause of homocystinuria is deficiency of cystathionine p-synthase a key enzyme in the degradation of homocysteine. Strokes can occur before age 30 through atherosclerosis thromboembolism small-vessel disease or arterial dissection. Homocystinuria is distinguished from hyperhomo-cysteinemia plasma homocysteine levels of 15-100 imol L which is a risk factor for stroke in the .