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Concise Dictionary of Materials Science Part 2

Tham khảo tài liệu 'concise dictionary of materials science part 2', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | tion at various t there may be different values of the elasticity modulus its extremities being the Young s modulus E corresponding to the Hooke s law at t tr and what is known as the relaxation modulus ER E at t Tr. See also internal friction. anisotropic Having different physical and mechanical properties in various directions. Anisotropy of single crystals is a result of crystalline anisotropy whereas that of a polycrystal is dependent on crystallographic texture and so on the crystalline anisotropy as well as on the microstnc-tural anisotropy as e.g. banded structure or carbide stringers in steels or an elongated grain structure in heat-resistant alloys see Nabarro-Herring or Coble creep . Anisotropy can be observed not only in crystalline solids but also in some liquids see liquid crystals . annealing anneal Heat treatment resulting in the occurrence of equilibrium phases see e.g. graphitization anneal solution annealing in removing of deformation or amorphization effects or in attaining a required grain size or texture see e.g. recrystallization annealing or in relieving chemical inhomogeneity and macroscopic residual stresses see homogenizing stress-relief annealing . In metallic alloys annealing is a preliminary treatment preparing the microstructure or phase composition to a final treatment see e.g. austenitization and solution treatment . Annealing after amorphization of single-crystalline semiconductors can restore single-crystalline structure. annealing texture Preferred orientation evolved in the course of primary recrystallization or grain growth. Recrystallization texture occurs because recrystallization nuclei are of nonrandom orientations and grow into the deformed matrix at different rates. It can be similar to deformation texture or quite different from it. Texture changes during grain growth are connected with different driving forces for growth of variously oriented grains and different mobility of their boundaries see compromise texture . .