Non-invasive methods are easy, simple, and effortless ways of collecting resources for the detection of biomarkers in water buffaloes. Among non-invasive fluid resources, saliva is a rich source of biomarkers, unlike milk and urine samples with no time restriction to obtain a sample. Saliva is a real-time indicator of the pathophysiology of animal health status, it has a source of many biomarkers including RNA and miRNAs, Studying RNA biology is less complex as compared to other “omics” study. |