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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING - EARTH–SPACE ORGANIZATION: see THE TERRESTRIAL SYSTEM ECOLOGY: see ECOSYSTEM THEORY ECOLOGY OF FISH: see POLLUTION EFFECTS ON FISH; THERMAL EFFECTS ON FISH ECOLOGY ECOLOGY OF HUMANS: see EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS; HAZARDOUS WASTES

TRÁI ĐẤT KHÔNG GIAN TỔ CHỨC: Sinh thái hệ thống trên mặt đất: Sinh thái học lý thuyết hệ sinh thái của cá: Ô NHIỄM TÁC VỀ CÁ; nhiệt Phản ứng trên cá sinh thái sinh thái của con người: xem TÁC DỤNG HOÁ CHẤT, chất thải nguy hại Sinh thái học của cây Sinh thái học là nghiên cứu về mối quan hệ giữa sinh vật và môi trường và interrleationships giữa các sinh vật. Đáp ứng của một sinh vật với môi trường được xác định bởi những tác động của môi trường vào các quá trình trong cơ thể | E EARTH-SPACE ORGANIZATION see THE TERRESTRIAL SYSTEM ECOLOGY see ECOSYSTEM THEORY ECOLOGY OF FISH see POLLUTION EFFECTS ON FISH THERMAL EFFECTS ON FISH ECOLOGY ECOLOGY OF HUMANS see EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS HAZARDOUS WASTES ECOLOGY OF PLANTS Ecology is the study of the relationship between organisms and the environment and the interrleationships between organisms. The response of an organism to the environment is determined by the effects of the environment on the processes in the organism. Stated in another way all environmental factors affect the growth and distribution of organisms only by affecting rates of processes in the organisms. The study of the effects of environmental factors on processes in organisms is physiological ecology or in other words it is the study of the physiological basis of ecological behavior. This field obviously represents a marriage between ecology and physiology and is sometimes called environmental physiology. The field of physiological ecology is extremely broad thus this paper is restricted to certain aspects of physiological plant ecology. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS The environment is very complex consisting of all influences external to an organisms. Many systems have been devised to classify the environment but space does not allow a discussion here. The following list of specific environmental factors is a satisfactory one although the list could obviously be subdivided in many ways 1 water 2 temperature 3 radiant energy 4 essential elements 5 aeration 6 toxins 7 wind 8 topography 9 nature of geologic strata 10 altitude 11 organic matter content of soil 12 texture and structure of soil 13 base exchange capacity of soil 14 color of soil 15 plant growth regulators 16 soil organisms 17 parasites 18 plants and animals other than above. Even cursory examination of this list makes it clear that the effects of all these factors on processes in plants could not be discussed in a brief survey. For example thorough coverage of the effects of .