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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING - ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

Luật môi trường có thể được định nghĩa là những quy chế, quy định hành chính, hành pháp, quyết định của tòa án và các hiệp định quốc tế liên quan đến bảo vệ Thiên nhiên và con người từ hậu quả của việc khai thác tài nguyên không khôn ngoan, sản xuất, phát triển và có nghĩa là thủ tục mà theo đó các luật này 'có thể được gọi bởi công dân và chính phủ. Hiến pháp Hoa Kỳ trưng bày một hệ thống liên bang: Luật xây dựng và thực thi quyền lực được phân chia giữa. | ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 1 Environmental Law can be defined as those statutes administrative regulations executive orders court decisions and international agreements that pertain to protection of Nature and human beings from the consequences of unwise resource extraction production or development and the procedural means by which these laws can be invoked by citizens and government. Constitutionally the United States exhibits a federal system Law making and enforcement power is divided among the Federal government the fifty State governments regional units and local governments according to formulas contained in Federal and State constitutions and statutes. Environmental Law is a complex and delicate set of relationship among various levels of government. For example the Clean Water Act on the federal level establishes the general framework of water pollution control laws empowering the Federal Environment Protection Agency EPA to set federal minimum performance standards for discharges to waterways distribute grant monies for publicly owned treatment works and perform backup permitting surveillance and enforcement functions. But in most cases it is the States that grant discharge permits which can be stricter than the federal minimum standards determine the recipients of federal grant funds monitor discharger compliance and enforce against violators. Water quality management is frequently a function of substate regional planning agencies. Moreover in some areas interstate regional organizations such as the Delaware River Basin Commission have regulatory authority over dischargers. Finally most municipalities possess storm-water and other public nuisance ordinances. Because of the multi-level nature of Environmental Law and its administration there are numerous state regional and local variations on the generally uniform federal environmental legal regimes. Consequently this article will focus on Federal Environmental Law. Most federal environmental protection statutes .