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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING - FOSSIL FUEL CLEANING PROCESSES

QUY TRÌNH VỆ SINH nhiên liệu hóa thạch Số lượng các chất ô nhiễm, đặc biệt là các oxit lưu huỳnh và các hạt bụi phóng vào khí quyển có thể được giảm bằng cách xử lý nhiên liệu trước khi đốt cháy. Cách tiếp cận này có thể là năng lượng hiệu quả hơn so với xử lý khí thải theo hơi và các nguyên tắc cơ bản ô nhiễm khí. Hơn ba mươi triệu tấn sulfur dioxide được thải ra hàng năm tại Hoa Kỳ, trong đó 75% là kết quả của việc đốt cháy nhiên liệu. nhà máy chu. | FOSSIL FUEL CLEANING PROCESSES The amount of pollutants especially sulfur oxides and particulates emitted to the atmosphere may be reduced by treating fuels prior to combustion. This approach may be more energy efficient than treatment of flue gases as per Vapor and Gaseous Pollutant Fundamentals. More than thirty million tons of sulfur dioxide are discharged annually in the United States 75 of which is the result of fuel burning. FOSSIL FUEL PRODUCTION RESERVES AND CONSUMPTION The world s production of oil in 1980 was 66 million barrels per day with a projected value of 77 MBPD for the year 2000. The relatively small anticipated increase reflects increased conservation and alternate fuel source application. The overall oil output of the USSR was about 14 mBPd1 as compared to about 12 MBPD for combined US and Canadian production 1980 . About 2500 trillion cubic feet of natural gas reserves are estimated to exist worldwide. The US reserves are 200 TCF with an annual consumption of about 20 TCF. Soviet bloc production was about 15 TCF in 1980. Most oil and natural gas reserves fall in a crescent shaped area extending from Northern Algeria Northward to West Siberia. Lynch2 felt that the level of surplus capacity would remain stable for the early 90s with the then world stock level of about 100 gigaliters 1.3 giga barrels . Coal is consumed at a rate of 600 million tons annually in the US utility industry. Only a small portion of Eastern US coals fall in the low less than 1 sulfur category see Table 1. The US USSR and China own about two thirds of the world s 780 billion tons of presently recoverable coal reserves. The US has about one quarter of the total. Coal accounts for 90 of the US s proven reserves.3 Consumption of fuel might be measured in quads or quadrillion Btu s. It has been estimated that US electric consumption was 13 quads and nonelectric industrial about 16 quads for the year 1980.3 Total US fossil fuel consumption is about 76 quads most in the .