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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING - INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ENGINEERING

VỆ SINH KỸ THUẬT CÔNG NGHIỆP Có thể nói rằng các bác sĩ công nghiệp hoặc nghề nghiệp và y tá ở tiền tuyến của sức khỏe công nghiệp và đóng góp của họ đối với chẩn đoán, thành lập các nguyên nhân, điều trị và phục hồi chức năng là rất quan trọng đối với sức khỏe của người lao động. Tuy nhiên, một khi nguyên nhân gây ra tiềm năng của sức khỏe kém hay khó chịu được thành lập thường là kỹ sư là cần thiết để thiết kế ra các vấn đề. Vì vậy, kỹ sư. | INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ENGINEERING INTRODUCTION It can be said that the industrial or occupational physician and nurse are in the front line of industrial health and the contribution they make with regard to diagnosis establishment of causes treatment and rehabilitation are of great importance to the health of the workers. But once the potential cause of ill health or discomfort is established it is usually the engineer who is required to design out the problems. Thus the engineer has a most positive contribution to make in the maintenance of good health amongst the working population. The engineer is in the forefront of industrial medicine and as such can make as great a contribution as the medical profession because he or she is in the position to modify the industrial process or to apply some environmental control system to the workplace such that workers exposure to physical chemical or biological insults can be minimised. When discussing workplace pollution from airborne materials such as dusts fumes gases vapours and mists it is useful to first define the outcome of various degrees of overexposure which may result from ineffective faulty or non-existent pollution controls. In simple terms these may be considered under the categories shown below 1 The stochastic effects where the probability of developing a disease increases with dose as with carcinogens or sensitizers. 2 The acute effects characterized by rapid absorption and effect due to sudden exposure typical of asphyxiants. 3 The subacute effects resulting from repeated and extended exposures over a period of hours or days an example of which would be the early symptoms of narcosis. 4 The chronic effects resulting from continued absorption over a long period of time e.g. materials leading to fibrosis of the lung. 5 The combination of any of the above. The effects of exposure of workers to heat noise and radiation also fall into the above categories. Not only will the degree of control depend upon the .