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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING - MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE

Quản lý chất thải rắn TÍCH HỢP QUẢN LÝ CHẤT THẢI tài liệu toàn diện gần đây nhất được sản xuất bởi chính phủ liên bang đặc điểm của các vật liệu thường được gọi là "chất thải rắn, thành phố trực thuộc Trung ương" ("MSW") như sau: ". . . chất thải rắn khu dân cư, với một số đóng góp từ các nguồn thương mại, thể chế và công nghiệp. Trong một số lĩnh vực, chất thải nonresidential được quản lý riêng biệt, chủ yếu là do công nghiệp và một số nguồn tin thương mại sản xuất chất. | MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT The most recent comprehensive document produced by the federal government characterizes the materials commonly referred to as municipal solid waste MSW as follows . residential solid waste with some contribution from commercial institutional and industrial sources. In some areas nonresidential wastes are managed separately largely because industrial and some commercial sources produce relatively uniform waste in large quantities which makes them more suitable for alternate disposal techniques or recycling. Hazardous wastes as defined by Federal and State regulation generally are managed outside the municipal solid waste stream. Exceptions are household hazardous wastes and hazardous wastes generated in very small quantities which are often placed in the municipal solid waste stream by the generator 1 One of the most significant developments in municipal solid waste is the growing acceptance by citizens all levels of government and industries of a new overall philosophy concerning the management options available to address the problem of increased waste generation in the face of everdecreasing land disposal sites. This philosophy is commonly known as integrated waste management and involves the reliance upon a hierarchy of options from most desirable to least desirable. The options are as follows Source reduction limitation of the amount and or toxicity of waste produced Recycling reuse of materials Incineration thermal reduction Sanitary landfill land disposal While this hierarchy is little more than a common sense approach to municipal solid waste problems and the unit operations represented are not new emphasis on the source reduction and recycling options as preferred represents a profound shift in attitudes toward municipal waste management. The traditional perspective that generators could produce discards without limit and depend on technological approaches to mitigate such wastes and any associated .