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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS - CHAPTER 15

Môi trường Tư pháp HIỆN TÌNH TRẠNG Các đối tượng của công lý môi trường trong tất cả các hoạt động môi trường và đặc biệt là trong liên quan đến các NEPA, đã phát triển gần như toto kể từ khi phiên bản đầu tiên của cuốn sách này được xuất bản. Chủ đề là vẫn còn trong tình trạng thay đổi liên tục và đó là lý do tại sao nó được thảo luận là chương cuối trong cuốn sách này. Tuy nhiên, công lý môi trường phải được xem xét trong tất cả các nghiên cứu hiện tại và. | 15 Environmental Justice 15.1 PRESENT STATUS The subject of environmental justice in all environmental activities and especially in regard to the NEPA has developed almost in toto since the first edition of this book was published. The topic is still in a state of flux and that is why it is discussed as the last chapter in this book. However environmental justice must be considered in all present and future NEPA studies. A failure to consider this topic could result in an entire EIS being declared invalid as a result of litigation. That is the primary reason for its inclusion here. What is the reason for including environmental justice in a NEPA document The presidential memorandum that accompanied Executive Order 12898 probably summed it up best by the statement of . disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects . . . on minority populations and low-income populations in the United States and its territories and possessions. . 15.2 Civil Rights Act OF 1964 The origin of the need for including a study of environmental justice in environmental documentation goes back to Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as amended. Title VI states No person in the United States shall on the grounds of race color or national origin be excluded from participation in be denied the benefits of or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. Environmental justice first gained public attention in 1982 with a landmark case involving a small low-income minority community in Warren County NC. This predominantly African-American community was selected as a polychlorinated biphenyl PCB landfill disposal site. Despite protests and an NAACP request for an injunction based on racial discrimination the landfill opened as planned. As a direct result of this event the General Accounting Office GAO was asked to examine hazardous waste landfill sitings in eight southern states to determine the extent to which .