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Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 6

Tương tác thực vật, vi khuẩn là rất quan trọng để sản xuất nông nghiệp và cây trồng, do đó có ảnh hưởng trực tiếp và quan trọng về sự đa dạng, tính chất, và hoạt động của các thuộc địa hóa các cộng đồng vi khuẩn. Các enzyme đóng vai trò quan trọng trong những tương tác này và do đó đã là chủ đề quan tâm đặc biệt. Tập trung chính đã được giao diện đất-thực vật (vùng rễ), nhưng nhà máy rác phân hủy cũng là tầm quan trọng lớn. Các đặc điểm sinh thái, chức năng. | 6 Microbes and Enzymes Associated with Plant Surfaces Ian P. Thompson and Mark J. Bailey Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Oxford England I. INTRODUCTION Plant-microbe interactions are vital to agricultural and plant productivity which in turn have a direct and significant influence on the diversity nature and activity of colonizing microbial communities. Enzymes play a key role in these interactions and consequently have been the subject of intense interest. The main focus has been at the soil-plant interface the rhizosphere but plant litter decomposition is also of major importance. The ecological characteristics ecosystem function and mechanistic approaches to the study of phytopathogenicity all have aspects that involve enzymes. These subject areas are dealt with elsewhere in this volume see Chapter 7 . In this chapter we concentrate on the interplay of microorganisms how cross-talking and the regulation of gene expression influence the enzymes they produce and how such processes influence community succession and functional diversity. We intend to draw on the limited data available to describe microorganisms that colonize the surface of leaves and to a lesser extent the inner tissues and other aerial parts of the plant such as the stems fruits flowers and woody tissue the phyllosphere . The chapter has been organized to describe the physical and chemical nature of the habitat and the type and survival strategies of colonizing microbial populations. We discuss the nature and role of enzymes that have evolved to provide the genotypic and phenotypic plasticity necessary for microorganisms to survive under the selective pressures of this extreme habitat. The chapter is completed by discussion of developments in methodology that recently have become available to investigate the role and potential activity of enzymes in what can be extreme conditions and the potential for their biotechnological exploitation. In terms of surface area leaves and other aerial parts of .