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Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 10

Nấm là cần thiết để huy động chất dinh dưỡng, lưu trữ, và phát hành trong quá trình phân hủy của thực vật trong hệ sinh thái trên cạn. Microfungi hoại sinh là nhóm ít nhất có thể nhìn thấy nấm trong đất, tuy nhiên, phân huỷ chính của số lượng lớn lá, thân cây, và các bộ phận thực vật khác gửi và trong lòng đất mỗi năm. Bởi vì mô hình tăng trưởng sợi nấm của họ, sản xuất của các bào tử thực vật, các chiến lược tồn tại cụ thể, và năng lực để sản xuất. | 10 Fungal Communities Succession Enzymes and Decomposition Annelise H. Kj0ller and Sten Struwe University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark I. INTRODUCTION Fungi are essential for nutrient mobilization storage and release during decomposition of plant material in terrestrial ecosystems. Saprophytic microfungi are the least visible group of fungi in soil but are nevertheless key decomposers of the massive amounts of leaves stalks and other plant parts deposited on and in the ground each year. Because of their hyphal growth pattern production of vegetative spores specific survival strategies and capacity to produce a variety of enzymes important in decomposition processes these fungi are ubiquitous and respond rapidly to the addition of new substrates. During the decomposition of plant material the composition of the fungal community changes a process referred to as microbial succession 1 . This succession can be viewed as changes in taxonomic diversity and if the role of the fungal population is known then functional diversity can also be considered. Although some individual species of fungi are capable of producing many different enzymes communities that comprise different fungi usually contribute collectively to the decomposition of physically and chemically complex substrates such as leaves 2 . Fungal communities vary in species composition from site to site reflecting fungal versatility and functional resilience and thereby ensuring efficient decomposition and mobilization of nutrients in most environments. Microfungi are able to degrade virtually all of the organic compounds generated by primary production in the various ecosystems of the world. Moreover they are also able to degrade xenobiotic compounds many of which are comparatively new to the environment 3 4 . Bacteria also produce a large variety of enzymes in the environment and an understanding of the interaction between fungi and bacteria is important to comprehension of the decomposition process. In .