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ADVANCED ONSITE WASTEWATER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES - CHAPTER 2

Giải pháp phân cấp xử lý nước thải Xã hội ngày nay đã được chấp nhận rộng rãi tầm quan trọng của xử lý nước thải thích hợp trước khi xuất viện như trái ngược với xả nước thải không được điều trị. Xử lý nước thải trước khi xả là cần thiết để đảm bảo bảo vệ chất lượng nước và giảm nhu cầu điều trị của nước uống. Như đã đề cập trong Chương 1, trong thời gian 19 và thế kỷ 20, việc sử dụng các hệ thống thu gom tập trung được xem như là một khái. | chapter two Decentralized wastewater solutions Introduction Society today has widely accepted the importance of adequate wastewater treatment prior to discharge as opposed to discharge of untreated wastewater. Wastewater treatment prior to discharge is necessary to ensure protection of water quality and to reduce requirements for treatment of potable water. As mentioned in Chapter 1 during the 19th and the 20th centuries the use of centralized collection systems was viewed as a cost-effective permanent concept for wastewater treatment while the use of conventional onsite systems typically septic systems was viewed as a temporary solution for areas outside the reach of centralized collection systems. By the end of the 20th century wastewater professionals realized that centralized collection and treatment is not the only way for managing wastewater and it is impossible to extend centralized collection systems to many areas where new growth is occurring. Rural electrification extending the central electric service grid to all of the populace is no longer the model for serving the entire population of the U.S. with adequate wastewater collection treatment and effluent dispersal. Decentralized wastewater solutions can and will play an important role for managing wastewater in the future. Thus advanced onsite wastewater systems technologies offer alternatives not only to conventional septic systems but also to centralized wastewater solutions. In this chapter we explain what the term decentralized wastewater solution means how it differs from centralized wastewater and conventional septic system solutions and how to look at wastewater within the framework of decentralized wastewater solutions. 31 2006 by Taylor Francis Group LLC 32 Advanced onsite wastewater systems technologies The term decentralized The term decentralized wastewater solution has several aliases including on-lot system onsite system individual wastewater system cluster system and community system. The