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Human Developmental Toxicants - Part 8

Carbon disulfide là một chất lỏng không màu được sử dụng như một dung môi cho nhiều loại hóa chất và trong sản xuất sợi viscose rayon và giấy bóng kính. Hóa chất này là độc hại khi tiếp xúc với con người thông qua các tuyến đường hô hấp hoặc da. Ngưỡng giới hạn giá trị thời gian trung bình cho disulfua carbon là 10 ppm (31 mg/m3 da hấp thụ, xem Hathaway và Proctor năm 2004; ACGIH, 2005). Hóa chất này được biết đến với tên chung của nó tại Hoa Kỳ | 40 Carbon Disulfide Alternate names Carbon bisulfide carbon disulphide CAS 75-15-0 SMILES C S S S --S INTRODUCTION Carbon disulfide is a colorless liquid used as a solvent for a wide variety of chemicals and in the manufacture of rayon viscose fibers and cellophane. The chemical is toxic upon exposure to humans via inhalational or dermal routes. The threshold limit value-time-weighted average for carbon disulfide is 10 ppm 31 mg m3 skin absorption see Hathaway and Proctor 2004 ACGIH 2005 . The chemical is known by its generic name in the United States. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICOLOGY Animals In laboratory animals carbon disulfide is developmentally toxic and teratogenic in both rats and rabbits the only two species tested by the inhalational route of exposure which is pertinent to human exposures . In the rat exposures over the range of 50 to 2000 mg m3 throughout gestation induced gross and skeletal malformations and postnatal functional effects Tabacova 1976 Taba-cova et al. 1978 . In the rabbit concentrations of 600 or 1200 ppm for 6 hours daily over 13 days in gestation caused malformations and fetal death and reduced fetal body weight these doses were maternally toxic as well Gerhart et al. 1991 . Oral doses of 150 mg kg day administered for 14 days during gestation in this species rabbit also elicited similar developmental toxicity while higher oral doses 600 mg kg day administered over 10 days in gestation in the rat were maternally toxic but produced only fetotoxicity and no malformations Price et al. 1984 . Humans In the human carbon disulfide has long been considered a reproductive toxicant affecting spermatogenesis in man and menstrual disorders in women at high concentrations Hathaway and Proctor 2004 . The chemical may also be a developmental toxicant although the data reported in published studies are tenuous at best. Nonetheless there are suggestive reports associating occupational exposures to carbon disulfide during pregnancy with increased malformation .