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Environmental aspects of textile dyeing - Chapter 9 (end)

Ô nhiễm của các cơ quan nước xã bởi thuốc nhuộm thải ra từ các nhà máy dệt may và dyehouses đại diện cho một mối quan tâm lớn đến môi trường. Mặc dù hiện nay một loạt các phương pháp vật lý và hóa học có sẵn để làm phai thuốc nhuộm, nước thải bị ô nhiễm (Hảo et al, 2000), quy trình thay thế dựa trên các nguyên tắc công nghệ sinh học đang thu hút quan tâm ngày càng tăng (Kandelbauer và Gübitz, 2005) kể từ khi họ thường tránh tiêu thụ cao số lượng các hóa. | 9 Biotechnological treatment of textile dye effluent A. KANDELBAUE R University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Austria A. C AVA CO-PAUL O University of Minho Portugal and G. M. G u B I T Z Graz University of Technology Austria 9.1 Introduction Pollution of communal water bodies by waste dyestuff released from textile plants and dyehouses represents a major environmental concern. Although presently a wide range of physical and chemical methods is available to decolorize dye-contaminated effluents Hao et al. 2000 alternative processes based on biotechnological principles are attracting increasing interest Kandelbauer and Gubitz 2005 since they often avoid consumption of high quantities of additional chemicals and energy. In this chapter a short overview is given of such biotechnological approaches. Their advantages and disadvantages and hence their range of applicability are outlined. In Section 9.2.1 there is a discussion of biological treatment processes based on living and proliferating cell populations. These may consist either of well-defined species of special micro-organisms or of various kinds of different micro-organisms that have established an ecosystem suitable for dye elimination. One major advantage of such systems is the complete mineralization often achieved due to synergistic action of different organisms Stolz 2001 . However the actual biodegradation is always a stepwise chemical transformation consecutively catalyzed by different enzymes. Therefore enzymes may be used as such for the treatment process in some cases. Some key information on enzyme remediation is given in Section 9.2.2. Finally some conclusions are drawn about potential future applications of bioremediation techniques in the treatment of textile effluent and partial process streams contaminated with residual dyestuff. 9.2 Biotechnology and dye effluent treatment 9.2.1 Microbial processes General aspects Most biotreatment systems are based on living micro-organisms. .