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Environmental Modelling with GIs and Remote Sensing - Chapter 10

Thảm họa tự nhiên là những sự kiện cực đoan trong hệ thống của trái đất dẫn đến tử vong hoặc tổn thương đối với con người, và thiệt hại hoặc mất mát hàng hoá có giá trị, chẳng hạn như các tòa nhà, hệ thống thông tin liên lạc, đất nông nghiệp, rừng, thảm họa môi trường tự nhiên . có thể có nguồn gốc hoàn toàn tự nhiên, hoặc họ có thể gây ra hoặc trầm trọng hơn do hoạt động của con người. Những thiệt hại kinh tế do thiên tai đã cho thấy một gia tăng. | 10 Remote sensing and geographic information systems for natural disaster management C.J. van Westen ABSTRACT Natural disasters are extreme events within the Earth s system that result in death or injury to humans and damage or loss of valuable goods such as buildings communication systems agricultural land forests natural environment etc. Disasters can have a purely natural origin or they can be induced or aggravated by human activity. The economic losses due to natural disasters have shown an increase with a factor of eight over the past four decades caused by the increased vulnerability of the global society due to population growth urbanization poor urban planning as well as an increase in the number of weather-related disasters. The activities on natural disaster reduction in the past decade which was designated by the UN as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction have not led to a reduction in these increasing losses. In future even more work has to be done in disaster management. Natural disaster management requires a large amount of multi-temporal spatial data. Satellite remote sensing is the ideal tool for disaster management since it offers information over large areas and at short time intervals. Although it can be utilized in the various phases of disaster management such as prevention preparedness relief and reconstruction in practice remote sensing is mostly used for warning and monitoring. During the last decades remote sensing has become an operational tool in the disaster preparedness and warning phases for cyclones droughts and floods. The use of remote sensing data is not possible without a proper tool to handle the large amounts of data and combine it with data coming from other sources such as maps or measurement stations. Therefore together with the growth of the remote sensing applications Geographic Information Systems GIS have become important for disaster management. This chapter gives a review of the use of remote sensing