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Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 11

Ở Ý việc sử dụng ong mật trong giám sát môi trường đi trở lại đầu những năm 1980 với nỗ lực kiểm soát thuốc trừ sâu trong nông nghiệp hệ sinh thái. Trong một trạm giám sát thuốc trừ sâu Bao gồm hai tổ ong được trang bị với underbaskets, một ngưỡng quan trọng của tử vong WS bộ khoảng 350 con ong mỗi tuần cho mỗi trạm. Chỉ Khi vượt quá ngưỡng này WS Were Biểu diễn phân tích hóa học trên những con ong chết để các thành phần hoạt xác định trách nhiệm cho cái chết. | 11 Use of honey bees as bioindicators of environmental pollution in Italy C. Porrini S. Ghini S. Girotti A.G. Sabatini E. Gattavecchia and G. Celli Summary In Italy the use of honey bees in environmental monitoring goes back to the early 1980s with initiatives to control pesticides in agro-ecosystems. In a pesticide monitoring station comprising two beehives fitted with underbaskets a critical threshold of mortality was set of about 350 bees per week per station. Only when this threshold was exceeded were chemical analyses performed on the dead bees to determine the active ingredients responsible for their death. The two sets of data mortality and residues were processed using the Index of Environmental Hazard IEH which allows monthly assessments of the level of environmental contamination in the area investigated. Heavy metal pollution Pb Ni Cr may be monitored with both bees and honey. It is in fact possible to integrate the data derived from these two matrixes to provide more complete information regarding the presence of contaminants in the environment. Since the incident of 1986 involving the nuclear plant at Chernobyl studies on the absorption and transfer of radionuclides to beehives have undergone a remarkable increase. The research still continues today with the monitoring of long-life radionuclides such as Cs-137 and Sr-90. All the studies have shown pollen and bees to be highly sensitive indicators of radioactive contamination. Recently our research team demonstrated for the first time that honey bees can be used for the environmental detection of the phyto-pathogenic microorganism Erwinia amylovora the causal agent of Fire Blight the most destructive bacterial disease affecting Rosaceous plants. A new ultrasensitive and specific diagnostic technique PCR-ELISA was developed to permit automated detection of E. amylovora in pollen. It was shown that honey bees could reveal the presence of E. amylovora both in already disease-affected areas and in areas .