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Environmental Life Cycle Costing - Chapter 10 (end)

Trường hợp hộp nghiên cứu về một chiếc máy giặt được trình bày trong suốt cuốn sách này để minh họa thông thường, môi trường, và xã hội giá rẻ. Bảng 7,8 cung cấp một cái nhìn tổng quan của tất cả các hộp máy giặt nghiên cứu trường hợp. Tuy nhiên, người đọc ở Bắc Mỹ có thể ngạc nhiên bởi một số các công nghệ máy giặt và thói quen của người tiêu dùng, gần như tất cả các ô nghiên cứu trường hợp được dựa trên thực hành văn hóa châu Âu rửa, ảnh hưởng đến các. | Appendices APPENDIX TO CASE STUDY BOXES WASHING MACHINES AND PRIVATE LAUNDRY IN EUROPE NORTH AMERICA AND ASIA AND JAPAN Case study boxes on a washing machine are presented throughout this book to illustrate conventional environmental and societal LCC. Table 7.8 provides an overview of all washing machine case study boxes. Nevertheless the North American reader may be surprised by some of the washing machine technologies and consumer habits presented as almost all of the case study boxes are based on European cultural practices of laundering influencing the material and production technology chosen and the use phase modeled. Beyond an input-output analysis of Japanese washing machines was carried out for Case Study Box 8 in comparison to the LCC for European washing machines. The authors consider it essential to summarize in the following the usual differences between European Japanese and North American washing machines which the reader should keep in mind when studying the common example used throughout the book or when transferring the example to North American or other conditions. Cultural practices for laundering and therefore the hardware vary in different regions and thus studies across regions cannot be directly compared without recognizing this fact. There are two basic washing machine designs vertical axis machines and horizontal axis drum devices. In North America and Asia the vertical axis type dominates whereas this kind of machine has been entirely replaced in Europe by the horizontal axis device. In North America vertical axis machines with a central agitator are used in Asia impeller machines with a ribbed disk mounted at the bottom of the tub are used. Vertical axis machines are loaded from the top and horizontal axis machines mostly from the front there are also so-called top loaders with a horizontal axis however these only have a quite small market share . Recently however i.e. since the 1990s horizontal axis machines were also introduced in .