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Nanotechnology and the Environment - Chapter 7

Sản phẩm thương mại kết hợp vật liệu nano cuối cùng đạt được kết thúc của họ có thể sử dụng cuộc sống. Tắm nắng rửa dioxide kem chống nắng có chứa titan (TiO2) các hạt nano từ làn da của họ, các hạt bạc kháng khuẩn chảy ra từ máy giặt trong rửa chu kỳ, sơn và lớp phủ vảy, hoặc vật liệu landfilled.What xảy ra những hạt nano vào cuối đời sản phẩm? Trong ngắn hạn, không ai biết. ban đầu chú ý đã tập trung vào số phận của các hạt nano trong xử lý nước thải | 7 Treatment of Nanoparticles in Wastewater Kim M. Henry AMEC Earth Environmental Kathleen Sellers ARCADIS U.S. Inc. CONTENTS 7.1 Mass Balance Considerations.156 7.1.1 Case Study SilverCare Washing Machine.157 7.1.2 Case Study Socks with Nano Silver.159 7.2 Treatment Processes.160 7.2.1 Sedimentation.160 7.2.2 Coagulation and Flocculation.161 7.2.3 Activated Sludge.162 7.2.4 Sand Filters.164 7.2.5 Membrane Separation. 165 7.2.6 Disinfection.165 7.3 Summary. 165 References.166 Commercial products incorporating nanomaterials eventually reach the end of their usable life. Sunbathers wash sunscreen containing titanium dioxide TiO2 nanoparticles from their skin antimicrobial silver particles drain from washing machines in the rinse cycle paints and coatings flake or materials are landfilled. What happens to those nanoparticles at the end of product life In short no one knows. Initial attention has focused on the fate of nanoparticles in wastewater treatment. Nanoparticles can enter a municipal wastewater treatment plant as a result of commercial use and discharge. Wastewater discharges from manufacturing processes also can contain nanoparticles. As illustrated by examples in this chapter however the discharge and fate of nanomaterials is difficult to quantify. 155 2009 by Taylor Francis Group LLC 156 Nanotechnology and the Environment The same unique properties that make nanomaterials so promising in a wide variety of industrial medical and scientific applications may pose challenges with respect to wastewater treatment. In 2004 because the toxicity of nanomaterials and their fate and transport in the environment were not well understood at the time the British Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering recommended that factories and research laboratories treat manufactured nanoparticles and nanotubes as if they were hazardous and seek to reduce or remove them from waste streams 1 . Although the body of research regarding the toxicity fate and transport of .