Đang chuẩn bị liên kết để tải về tài liệu:
SAFE USE OF CHEMICALS: A Practical Guide - Chapter 6

Thuốc trừ sâu hóa học đã góp phần vào sự kiểm soát của sâu hại cây trồng và tăng sản xuất lương thực. Những hóa chất này vẫn tiếp tục đóng vai trò thiết yếu trong nông nghiệp và y tế công cộng. Thuốc trừ sâu được yêu cầu để bảo vệ thực vật, sản phẩm cây trồng, và ngũ cốc được lưu trữ và được sử dụng trong nông nghiệp, làm vườn, lâm nghiệp, vườn nhà, cũng như trong sản xuất thức ăn dồi dào và kiểm soát các bệnh vectorborne. Thuốc diệt nấm, thuốc trừ sâu, và Rodenticide. | 6 Pesticides 6.1 INTRODUCTION Chemical pesticides have contributed to the control of crop pests and increased production of food grains. These chemicals still continue to play essential roles in agriculture and public health. Pesticides are required for the protection of plants plant products and stored grain and are used in agriculture horticulture forestry and home gardens as well as in the production of plentiful food and control of vector-borne diseases. The Federal Fungicide Insecticide and Rodenticide Act FIFRA defines a pesticide as any instrument or contrivance other than a firearm which is intended for trapping destroying repelling or mitigating any pest or any other form of plant or animal life. In fact the term pesticide includes a range of chemical substances and products that are used for the control of a variety of pests. Never before has the public had access to such a variety of pesticides however they have potential adverse effects on health and the environment which can be aggravated by the conditions of use in many countries. During the early 1940s use of pesticides was limited to several arsenicals petroleum oils nicotine pyrethrum rotenone sulfur and hydrogen cyanide gas. Prior to the 1960s DDT was the wonder pesticide that saved the lives of millions of people. During wartime it protected soldiers from insect-carried diseases which previously had taken more lives than battle itself. At that time people did not complain about the possible dangers of DDT as long as it was used to control human diseases. DDT is still one of the most important and well known pesticides in the world. While it is no longer used in the United States its use continues in many other parts of the world. In fact DDT usage in the world today is roughly the same as it was prior to the ban by most Western countries. DDT is still in use in India China South America Africa and Malaysia. The sound management of pesticides focusing on risk reduction is important for protection