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Integrated Waste Management Volume I Part 6

Tham khảo tài liệu 'integrated waste management volume i part 6', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 166 Integrated Waste Management - Volume I biowaste comprising yard waste fruits and vegetables from households and markets and leftovers that had been mixed with different amounts of glycerol. The 1st principal component explains 85 of the variance the 2nd one 7 . The loading plots indicate the spectral regions that are responsible for the discrimination of the materials the aliphatic methylene bands at 2920 and 2850 cm-1 and nitrogen containing compounds such as amides at 1640 and 1540 cm-1 and nitrate at 1384 cm-1 Fig. 6b . -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 PC1 85 3400 2400 1400 400 Wavenumber cm-1 Fig. 6. a Principal component analysis based on infrared spectra of digestates from different input materials that underwent thermophilic processes b corresponding loadings plot of the first two principal components 3. Biological treatment of municipal solid waste for safe final disposal Biological processes always deal with both aspects resource recovery and the avoidance of negative emissions. The history of waste management started with harmful emissions. Waste was disposed in open dumps and was used to level off depressions in the landscape or to fill and dry wet hollows. This strategy has caused severe problems with increasing amounts of waste. The dumped waste was degraded anaerobically metabolic products of early degradation stages were leached and washed out to the groundwater. Gaseous emissions leaked from the dumps to the top and into the atmosphere or migrated into nearby cellars which can cause an explosion if the critical mixture of methane with air is reached. These environmental problems have led to regulations about the technical demands on landfill sites. The idea was to prevent the emissions by closing the landfills with dense layers at the bottom and on the top to cut them from the environment. Actually the degradation processes continued and the emissions were sealed and preserved but not prevented. It can be assumed that the life time of the technical .