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Fundamentals of Project Management Worksmart by James P. Lewis_5

Tham khảo tài liệu 'fundamentals of project management worksmart by james p. lewis_5', kinh doanh - tiếp thị, quản trị kinh doanh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 74 Fundamentals of Project Management Figure 6-4. Responsibility chart. Linear Responsibility Chart Project Date Issued Sheet Number of Manager Date Revised Revision No. File LRCFORM.61 Task Descriptions CODES 1 ACTUAL RESPONSIBILITY 2 SUPPORT 3 MUST BE NOTIFIED BLANK NOT INVOLVED Estimating Time Costs and Resources Once the work is broken down you can estimate how long it will take. But how Suppose I ask you how long it will take to sort a standard deck of playing cards that has been thoroughly shuffled into numerical order by suit. How would you answer that question The most obvious way would be to try the task several times and get a feeling for it. But if you didn t have a deck of cards handy you would probably think about it imagine how long it would take and give me an answer. People generally give me answers ranging from two minutes to ten minutes. My tests indicate that about three minutes is average for most adults. Suppose however we gave the cards to a child about four or five years old. It might take a lot longer since the child would not be that familiar with the sequence in An estimate can be made only by starting with the assumption that a certain resource will be assigned. American Management Association www.amanet.org I Using the Work Breakdown Structure to Plan a Project 75 which cards are ordered and perhaps not yet even that comfort- able with counting. So we must reach a very important conclusion You cannot do a time or cost estimate without considering who will actually perform the task. Second you must base the estimate on historical data or a mental model. Historical data are best. Generally we use average times to Parkinson s Law Work expands to fill the time allowed. plan projects. That is if it takes three minutes on average for adults to sort a deck of cards I would use three minutes as my es- timate of how long it will take during execution of my project. Naturally when I use averages in reality some tasks will take longer than the time