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Water Pollution Control - A Guide to the Use of Water Quality Management Principles 6

Ngoài ra các khuyến nghị cụ thể được cung cấp dưới đây, nhanh chóng của công nghệ làm cho nó quan trọng là công ty liên tục giáo dục về cải thiện ments đó là chất thải giảm và ngăn ngừa ô nhiễm. In- nguồn hình thành để giúp thông báo cho các công ty về đó công nghệ bao gồm các hiệp hội thương mại và các tạp chí, hóa chất và nhà cung cấp thiết bị, triển lãm thiết bị, hội nghị, và các bản tin ngành công nghiệp. Bằng cách giữ ngang nhau của các thay đổi và thực hiện các cải tiến công nghệ. | Verification of the effectiveness of pollution control strategies i.e. by obtaining information on the degree of implementation of measures and by detection of long-term trends in concentrations and loads. Early warning of adverse impact for intended water uses e.g. in case of accidental pollution. Increasing awareness of water quality issues by in-depth investigations for example by surveys investigating the occurrence of substances that are potentially harmful. Surveys provide insight into many information needs for operational water management. Figure 9.4 Components of environmental management information systems A monitoring objective once defined identifies the target audience. It makes clear who will be the users of the information and why the information is needed. It also identifies the field of management and the nature of the decision-making for which the information will be needed. It should be recognised that the detection of trends in itself is not a monitoring objective but a type of monitoring. Only when the intended use of the trend information is specified can it be considered to be an objective. Once objectives have been set it is important to identify the information that is needed to support the specified objective. The content and level of detail of the information required depends upon the phase of the policy life cycle Figure 9.5 . In the first phase research and surveys may identify priority pollution problems and the elements of the ecosystem that are appropriate indicators. Policies will be implemented for these. In the second and third phases feedback on the effectiveness of the measures taken is obtained by assessing spatial distributions and temporal trends. Contaminants may endanger human health by affecting aquatic resources such as drinking water and therefore specific monitoring programmes may be initiated to check on a regular basis the suitability of such resources. Legislation may also prescribe measurements required for certain