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Insecticides Pest Engineering Part 11

Tham khảo tài liệu 'insecticides pest engineering part 11', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Bioactive Natural Products from Sapindaceae Deterrent and Toxic Metabolites Against Insects 289 For instance a saponin extract from fruits from this species showed toxicity against adults of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum Hemiptera Aleyrodidae Porras Lopez-Avila 2009 and complete ethanolic extracts from fruits have shown larvicidal and morphological alterations effects on the mosquito Aedes aegypti Diptera Culicidae Ferreira Barreto et al. 2006 . Some other saponins presenting other kinds of biological activity isolated from the fruits of this species are shown in Figure 1 Lemos et al. 1992 Ribeiro et al. 1995 . Sapindus emarginatus another tree from this genus widely distributed in India has also demonstrated larvicidal activity of its fruit extract against three important vector mosquitoes A. aegypti Anopheles stephensi and Culex quimquefasciatus Diptera Culicidae Koodalingam et al. 2009 . Later this group has also investigated the impact of the extracts on the activity of mosquito phosphatases and esterases to gain an insight into the extent of disturbance in metabolic homeostasis inflicted upon exposure to the extract Koodalingam et al. 2011 . Previous reports on this species have shown that the pericarps contain triterpene saponins Figure 1 which are commonly used as antifertility antipruritic and antiinflammatory agents in traditional Indian and Thai medicine Jain 1976 Kanchanapoom et al. 2001 . Perhaps anti insect activity may be due to saponins in this plant similarly to the case of Sapindus saponaria Porras et al. 2009 . Activity of members of this genus against other insect orders further than dipterans and lepidopterans has also been evaluated including coleoptera and lice. That is the case of the extract from Sapindus trifoliatus fruit cortex which showed activity against the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Mukherjee Joseph 2000 . In this case weight gain was significantly reduced when larvae were