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AP Biology: Chapters 15 - 32

The main contents of this chapter include all of the following: Chromosomal basis of inheritance, molecular basis of inheritance, from gene to protein, genetics of viruses & bacteria, organization of eukaryotic genomes, DNA technology, genetic basis of development, descent with modification: darwinian view, evolution of populations, origin of species, tracing phylogeny, early earth & the origin of life, prokaryotes & the origins of metabolic diversity, origins of eukaryotic diversity, plant diversity (I, II), fungi, introduction to animal evolution. | CHAPTER 1 5 THE CHROMOSOMAL BASIS OF INHERITANCE OUTLINE I. II. III. Relating Mendelism to Chromosomes A. Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes during sexual life cycles B. Morgan traced a gene to a specific chromosome: science as a process C. Linked genes tend to be inherited together because they are located on the same chromosome D. Independent assortment of chromosomes and crossing over produce genetic recombinants E. Geneticists can use recombination data to map a chromosome’s genetic loci Sex Chromosomes A. The chromosomal basis of sex varies with the organism B. Sex-linked genes have unique patterns of inheritance Errors and Exceptions to Chromosomal Inheritance A. Alterations of chromosome number or structure cause some genetic disorders B. The phenotypic effects of some genes depend on whether they were inherited from the mother or father C. Extranuclear genes exhibit a non-Mendelian pattern of inheritance OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter and attending lecture, the student should be able to: 1. Explain how the observations of cytologists and geneticists provided the basis for the chromosome theory of inheritance. 2. Describe the contributions that Thomas Hunt Morgan, Walter Sutton, and A.H. Sturtevant made to current understanding of chromosomal inheritance. 3. Explain why Drosophila melanogaster is a good experimental organism. 4. Define linkage and explain why linkage interferes with independent assortment. 5. Distinguish between parental and recombinant phenotypes. 6. Explain how crossing over can unlink genes. 7. Map a linear sequence of genes on a chromosome using given recombination frequencies from experimental crosses. 8. Explain what additional information cytological maps provide over crossover maps. 9. Distinguish between a heterogametic sex and a homogametic sex. 10. Describe sex determination in humans. 11. Describe the inheritance of a sex-linked gene such as color-blindness. 12. Explain why a .