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Potential therapeutic effects of silymarin and silymarin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles on experimental kidney damage in BALB/c mice: Biochemical and histopathological evaluation

Silymarin (Sm) is widely used in treating diseases that affect organs such as the liver, kidney, and gallbladder thanks to its antioxidative, renoprotective, antihepatotoxic, and anticarcinogenic properties. | Turkish Journal of Biology Turk J Biol (2016) 40: 807-814 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/biy-1506-75 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/biology/ Research Article Potential therapeutic effects of silymarin and silymarin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles on experimental kidney damage in BALB/c mice: biochemical and histopathological evaluation 1 2 3, 4 Mustafa CENGİZ , Adnan AYHANCI , Hatice Mehtap KUTLU *, Ahmet MUSMUL 1 Department of Elementary Education, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey 4 Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of School Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey Received: 22.06.2015 Accepted/Published Online: 13.11.2015 Final Version: 21.06.2016 Abstract: Silymarin (Sm) is widely used in treating diseases that affect organs such as the liver, kidney, and gallbladder thanks to its antioxidative, renoprotective, antihepatotoxic, and anticarcinogenic properties. However, this substance is poorly solved in water and tends to decompose in the intestine, its bioavailability decreasing before it can show real effect. With these limitations in mind, the present study aims to enhance the poor bioavailability of Sm by forming Sm-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (Sm-SLNs) using the hot homogenization method. A characterization process was undertaken to determine possible impact of Sm on experimental kidney damage. Our biochemical and light microscopic results suggest that the group that received Sm-SLNs for the treatment of D-GalN/ TNF-α–induced experimental kidney damage showed significantly more improvement than the group that received commercially available Sm. In conclusion, Sm-loaded SLN may be a useful system for the delivery of poorly water-soluble Sm and may also provide renoprotection. Key words: D-GalN/TNF-α, kidney damage, silymarin, solid lipid .